Study of the key Mergers Acquisitions of Banco Santande (2002-2010) Free Essays

string(76) it draws in the offering organization to have securing of the objective company. Conceptual Mergers and acquisitions (MA) assume a crucial job in the corporate fund world. For some organizations, M An is wellspring of outer development when organization natural development has reached at top. Globalization of the world economy permits organization growing their activities and furthermore goes up against the local players through mergers and acquisitions. We will compose a custom paper test on Investigation of the key Mergers Acquisitions of Banco Santande (2002-2010) or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now This examination features the example of overcoming adversity of obtaining of UK bank â€Å"Abbey National† by Spanish Bank †â€Å"Banco Santander† in November 2004.This securing significantly changed the Group Santander’s business profile, gave the development opportunity in most beneficial appealing business sector, differentiated the hazard and generously expanded the market capitalisation. This examination inspects the Santander key improvement post procurement, sway on their budgetary exhibition additionally their drawn out presentation in financial exchange. This cross †outskirt M A has been exceptionally useful for the Santander. Santander keeps on concentrating on conveying an incentive for investors through natural development and acquisitions. Examination of the subject has been shown by a few models. The information and the data source are publisher’s sites, literary works, news, and, different articles. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Privatization and deregulation have gotten generous changes the budgetary markets since the 1970s. In 1980 deregulation was supported in the EU which brought major auxiliary change. Presentation of the single money in Europe was case of further deregulation, which urged nations to open their business sectors to remote rivalry. Nunnery National had experienced a major change in the only remaining century from a structure society, to effective bank lastly to a â€Å"bid† available. Monastery National was an entrenched household name in the UK. It has been a fruitful business before. Convent National continued to extend through mergers and procurement so as to keep up its market position, nonetheless, broadening of its center organizations and an absence of center brought about huge misfortunes for the gathering from year 2001 had all out loss of ?984million in 2003. In 2001 the Lloyds TSB set proposal to takeover, which was probably going to bring about an enormous piece of the overall industry proprietorship inside the UK by one bank. This was upset by Competition Commission and the Office of Fair Trading as it was against the open intrigue. Santander acknowledged Abbey National as a sheltered venture contrasted with its Latin American banks that have been losing cash throughout the previous two years. Besides, this obtaining for Santander was another enthusiasm for retail banking, which was Abbey National’s quality. Convent National plc and Banco Santander Central Hispano, SA agreed on the standing of a suggested securing by Banco Santander of Abbey on 26 July 2004, which was officially endorsed by the courts and Abbey turned out to be a piece of Grupo Santander on 12 November 2004. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Mergers and acquisitions are wellspring of outside development when natural development is beyond the realm of imagination. For littler organizations there is consistent danger to their proceeded with autonomous presence by the huge player/contender. The terms Mergers takeover are interchangeably utilized in spite of the fact that there is thin differentiation between the two. Merger is revamping of benefits into another association having understanding of both their investors. Merger includes organization of comparative size which diminishes the predominance of one another. A take over is securing of the conventional investors capital by another organization. This might be financed with money installment, an issue of protections or a blend of both. In securing offering organization is bigger and prevailing than the objective organization. Extensively takeovers can be characterized into following three classes †â€Å"Horizontal takeover† †Company working in a similar industry and comparative phase of creation â€Å"Vertical takeover† †Operating at various stages creation inside a similar industry. Vertical takeover might be a push ahead in the creation procedure to make sure about circulation outlet, or a go in reverse in the creation procedure to make sure about the crude material gracefully. â€Å"Conglomerate takeover†-Combining two organizations working in various region of business. When there is universal measurement include it is called cross fringe securing. Legitimization for acquisitions †â€Å"Economic† â€Å"Synergy† †â€Å"When resources and/or activities of two organizations supplement one another, with the goal that entirety of their joined yield is more than individual some†. â€Å"Economies of scale† †â€Å"Similar to above as the size of activity is bigger and better efficiencies/yield are experienced1.† â€Å"Elimination of wasteful management† †â€Å"Acquisition helps supplanting wasteful chief by proficient directors prompting convey better execution and output1.† â€Å"Entry to new markets† †â€Å"Entry to new land and business territory directly without any preparation may not be an affordable alternative so procurement is picked as effective course to expansion.† â€Å"To give basic mass† †â€Å"Smaller organizations experience absence of believability in view of their little size. In light of the expanding significance of R D and brand speculation, blending company’s pool assets to build up minimum amount required to give incomes to fund such requirements1.† â€Å"Means of giving growth† †When organization discovers natural development troublesome then this methodology will be a brisk answer for giving development. â€Å"Market Power share† †Horizontal acquisitions builds piece of the pie and procure imposing business model benefits, while vertical obtaining increment organization power in crude material or circulation. 2. â€Å"Financial â€Å" â€Å"Financial synergy† †If the expense of capital abatements as an immediate consequence of securing. In combination takeover as a result of absence of connection between's the incomes of various organizations lessens the unpredictability of income. These outcomes in diminished business hazard and cost of capital may diminishes. â€Å"Target undervaluation† †â€Å"Target company’s shares are underestimated where capital markets are not effective subsequently organization might be a deal buys†. â€Å"Tax consideration† †Tax depleted organization will be profited with the obtaining of non charge depleted organization so charge permissible advantages can be presented which may balance capital stipend intrigue. â€Å"Increasing procuring per share† †â€Å"Earning per share increments if the offering organization has a more significant expense/acquiring proportion than its objective company†. 3. â€Å"Managerial Motives† †This may likewise emerge if directors are more concerned fulfilling their own target as opposed to with expanding the abundance of investors. Once in a while intentions behind such acquisitions are to expand supervisors pay power. Elements impacting takeovers patterns are as per the following †(i)â€Å"Booming Stock exchange† †With the expansion in share costs it draws in the offering organization to have procurement of the objective organization. You read Investigation of the key Mergers Acquisitions of Banco Santande (2002-2010) in classification Article models (ii) Increase in company’s genuine liquidity and productivity empowers takeover. (iii) Deregulation outside wellspring of money (obligation) all the more effectively accessible in the market. 3.0 RECENT HISTORY †3.1 Origins Growth The Abbey National Building Society was framed after the merger of two long standing structure social orders in 1944. During the time of 1970 and 1980 it picked up notoriety for development changes. In 1988, Abbey National plc was joined as a bank and in 1989 the Society moved business to Abbey National plc. September eleventh assault in New York Enron turned out in 2001 harmed trust in different money related zones. Starting here, Abbey battled from money related misfortunes and a discolored picture. In 2003, the brand name was abbreviated to Abbey. There was significant revamping of the bank in September 2003. In 2004 it turned into a completely claimed auxiliary of Grupo Santander of Spain After two progressive long stretches of misfortunes Abbey came back to benefit in 2004 despite the fact that there was huge expense of rearrangement post procurement charges (?564 million). Monastery was renamed Santander UK in January 2010. Table 1 †Grupo Santander’s Performance correlation in Year 2004 2005 Source †Santander Annual Report 2005 http://www.santandershareholder.com/monetary data/reports-and-distributions/ Table 2-Abbey Full Year Results for the Year 2004 2005- Source †Abbey 2005 Full Year Results †http://www.aboutsantander.co.uk/speculators/budgetary outcomes and-introductions/2005.aspx 3.2 Main financial and lawful conditions in primary market †There has been a decent financial condition for business development till 2007. Market was hit by profound downturn in 2008 which proceeded till 2009. Year 2010 saw the recuperation. Table 3 †Main Economic features 3.3 Strategic turns of events (2002-2010) Santander Consumer kept on building up its two dimensional development methodology †natural and particular acquisitions †with amazing outcomes. Banco Santander has extended its tasks forcefully with a few acquisitions in the most recent decade. Santander system is to follow the plan of action of demonstrated achievement in European and Latin American nations, and

“A Stranger in the Village” by Baldwin

â€Å"Stranger in the Village† by James Baldwin is about author’s involvement with a little town arranged in Switzerland. Baldwin composes that he is dark and as a result of his race he locals discover him extraordinary and, consequently, captivating. He says that residents have never observed a dark man: â€Å"†¦from all accessible proof no dark man had ever set foot†.Therefore, they are interested about his shade of a skin and it is fascinating for them to see if dark man can ever focus on. Baldwin concedes that little kids fear him on the grounds that a dark man for them was something like fiend. All things considered, Baldwin is treated as an intriguing irregularity, however Baldwin feels that the distinction among whites and blacks doesn’t exist in American culture. He doesn’t need to be viewed as irregularity; rather he needs to be dealt with similarly as human being.The writer frequently alludes to feelings when expounding on clashes whi ch show up in the Swiss town. Specifically, these feelings are shock and astonishment.In such a way, the writer in his article differentiates his experience of being a dark man offering a shrewd study of the historical backdrop of American race relations: â€Å"What one’s creative mind makes of others is directed, obviously, by the laws of one's own character and it is one of the incongruities of dark white relations that, by methods for what the white man envisions the dark man to be, the dark man is empowered to know who the white man is†.The writer says that a quality of bigotry will be constantly present in the public arena, since he was called â€Å"le deal negre† despite his good faith. Moreover, he was blamed for taking wood. In light of such treatment, Baldwin feels obvious anger toward the villagers.Misconception of his appearance prompts misguided judgment of his human validity and results in seeing as a â€Å"living wonder†.  Despite the way that individuals attempt to wipe out prejudice in American culture, racial separation is as yet alive in littler towns and towns. He reasons that nobody appreciates being viewed as an outsider.

Making money my campus job

Making money my campus job Lots of students make money during term by working in their UROPs (Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program), but its worth noting that there are lots of other jobs out there, some of which are barely technical at all. You can browse some of them here, on the financial aid website. EDIT: Timur informs me that these pages are not accessible to non-students. Oops. Sorry! I took some screenshots for your benefit, just so you can get an idea: In fact, thats the source I used to find my job 3 years ago- but the website has thankfully undergone a dramatic improvement in style since then. In any case, you can see that there is a huge list of interesting things you can work on. I have a pretty generous financial aid package, but I pay for all of my own personal expenses myself, with pretty limited support from my parents. Tuition, housing fees, and a few other things are charged directly to my student account, but everything else- food, textbooks, travel, clothes- I pay for myself, so having a campus job definitely helps take money issues off my personal list of things to stress about. (Especially because I like my job, and that list is long enough already.) Ever since my freshman year (sort of), Ive worked at the Computing Help Desk, which is part of Information Services and Technology. (Yeah, ISTs website is sort of an embarrassment, isnt it? Apparently they were planning to replace it with a new, fancy, way better version since forever ago but its still stuck in bureaucracy.) So what does all that mean? Well, IST runs all of the computer related stuff at MITwhich, as you can imagine, makes it a huge department. Within IST there are people in charge of running Athena (the computing environment on the campus computers), the email servers, all of the web space (anything with mit.edu in it), plus tons more stuff. Within IST there is a division called Client Support Services (CSS), and within CSS is there is a group called the Help Desk. If youve ever wondered what its like to be the person on the other end of the line when you place a call to tech support, Im about to tell you. When I show up at ISTs office on Massachusetts Ave, the first thing I pass is the reception desk and the walk-ins area. (Normally there are people around, but I took these pictures after hours.) At walk-ins we deal with clients whose problems are too complicated or hardware-related to solve over the phone. I head around the corner to the call center itself. The whiteboard keeps all the useful information in one place- things like useful phone numbers that we often transfer clients to, updates about network outages, and common problems that weve been seeing lately. I grab my notebook out of the filing cabinet, which also serves as a table for the free food that is occasionally set out for computing consultants. Right now its a little bare, but pizza, Bertuccis rolls (a favorite of any MIT student), and bagels have known to appear on occasion- sometimes just as an incentive to get us through the day (like during the memorable week when an entire mail server was down for several days) or because there were leftovers from some event, meeting or conference that was held in the building. (Yes, after I snapped this photo I did grab a few pieces of candy corn. Yum, candy corn. I miss Halloween.) Then I take a seat at one of the stations, which comes complete with a Mac, PC, telephone, and snazzy headset so I can talk and type at the same time and feel super cool. I log into the computers and follow an absurdly complicated set of instructions to log into the phone system, and wait for calls to come in. While Im waiting, I check out the queue, which is a list of all of the unresolved cases that were still working on. If theres an incoming call, my headset beeps a couple of times to let me know someones on the line. I open up a blank case file and take the call. I talk the client through some troubleshooting steps, and if Im lucky (and they have an easy question), I can solve it easily. If Im totally stumped, unable to deal with directly (sometimes the solution requires superpowers within IST that are not normally rewarded to students), or dont get anywhere after a certain length of time, I write down everything that happened in the case file and add it to the queue, so that other consultants can take a look at it and try their luck. What sort of stuff do we deal with? Lots of stuff -theres a whole list of software which we recommend and support. IST provides MIT users with all of the stuff theyll need to get through their virtual lives at MIT- generic stuff like email clients, calendar applications, file transfer applications, file backup systems, and more specific stuff useful to MITs system (complete with their own set of MIT-specific configuration settings): Fetch, SecureFX, Kerberos, web certificates. We troubleshoot connectivity problems, email problems, software problems, hardware problems, printer installation, VPN, VNC, Office, and VirusScan. We get frantic calls from people who saved the only copy of their thesis in their email account and somehow deleted their entire inbox (seriously guys, BACK UP YOUR DATA), people who forgot their passwords, and people who want to make their computers do crazy (impossible?) things. Sometimes the person on the other end of the line says, Hi, Im the IT person at my lab but I cant figure out this problem, which always sucks, because you know right from the start that the person asking you for help probably knows way more about computers than you do, but youve got to pretend otherwise anyway. It might seem like we know a whole lot about a whole lot, but thats not necessarily true. And it might seem like we support a whole lot of stuff, but that doesnt mean we like it. I obviously cant hear whats happening at the other end of the line when my coworkers answer the phone, but one look at their facial expression can be a dead give away that the client just said, So Im using Oracle Connector for Outlook, and Every Tuesday we have a training meeting in the Demo Center, which is basically a room set up for computer-related presentations, with a projector and a fancy interface that can easily switch the projector feed between many different monitors. During training meetings, all of the student consultants get together to eat free food. Well, then we also have to undergo some training in exchange for the free food, but its not so bad. Usually theres a guest speaker from some other department within IST who has come to explain to us the project that theyre working on. So for example, a few weeks ago we heard from the person who is overseeing the upgrade of the campus wireless network, who explained how the new routers work and what sort of questions we could expect to have people call us with based on the bugs that theyre still working out of the system. Last week we had delicious cake, because it wasnt Joannes birthday. Andrew (the student consultant responsible for stocking the food supply) wanted to buy a cake and couldnt resist the urge to have the bakery attendant write something on it. This week we learned lots of useful stuff about Athena, which made me happy, so its a good deal all around. So, how does this fit into my life at MIT? Well, I work anywhere from 6-10 hours per week, depending on the semester and my work load. And honestly, its a nice break from everything- to spend a few hours a week working on something not related to mechanical engineering, outside of the labs and classrooms of the academic buildings. Youve probably heard that working in tech support is an awful job, but I love it. Sure, sometimes you get phone calls from people who should never be allowed to touch anything with more processing power than a four function calculator, but I usually find those experiences entertaining. (Then again, Im the person who absolutely loved being a lifeguard mostly because of all of the nutty people I had to deal with on a daily basis- they gave me such good stories to tell at the end of my work day.) Also, the people I work with are great, both the students and staff. We are a really close knit group, and training meetings (when were all together at the same time) are always an entertaining affair. We always have a good time together, relating Help Desk war stories and cracking all kinds of jokesand only some of them are computer related. Okay, maybe half. =)

Role of Women in Ancient Mesopotamia Essays - 1194 Words

From Suffering to Suffrage As Mary Wollstonecraft once said, â€Å"I do not wish them to have power over men, but over themselves.† In this quote, â€Å"themselves† is referred to as women of course. It is somewhat customary to pick up a paper in today’s light and perhaps see read about Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, or First Lady, Michelle Obama, even media specialist, Oprah Winfrey. The list could go on and on, but the point remains the same. If King Hammurabi of Babylon were living in today’s world and saw how dramatic the power of women has transformed over the years, he would perhaps declare himself Queen of Babylon. Kevin Reilly accurately depicts the struggling role of women from this early period of civilization through Assyrian†¦show more content†¦A prostitute as well must be bare while addressing the public. The Assyrian law had a way of putting the prostitutes, and unmarried women below the status of married women, and then married women also found themse lves on an entire level below men. There were severe consequences to any prostitute who decided to wear a veil. â€Å"They shall not take away her jewelry, but he who has seized her takes her clothing; they shall strike her 50 blows with rods; they shall pour hot pitch over her head.† (Reilly 34). This quote is very powerful in the way that these acts which occurred often back then, would not be anywhere near tolerated today. The physical pain that the female would endure in this process, not to mention the embarrassment of being stripped of all clothing leaving only jewelry, would be more than enough to relegate the role of the female. Perhaps the most disturbing part of the Assyrian code involves the tormenting of a slave that chose to wear a veil in public. The slave would be brought to the palace and stripped naked only to have her ears cut off. This is an extreme punishment that is unheard of in today’s terms. These punishments do serve a purpose however, in showi ng how the role of women in early civilizations was nearly absent. A palace decree was issued by the king of Assyria, Tiglath-Pileser. This decree mentioned the harsh punishments that would take place to man if he entered the palace without first being castrated. If an official knows a man is notShow MoreRelatedThe Difference Between Men And Women1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe difference roles in society between men and women have been a major conflict throughout time. The idea of who is more superior in a civilization has always typically fallen more towards man than women. Even though the idea of men and women having different society roles in history it is important to have in a society. 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Principles of Finance Assignment - 1422 Words

Andrew Wolford BYS330 Principles of Finance Week Four Assignment March 4th, 2014 Chapter Ten Study Problem 10-4: (Payback period, NPV, PI, and IRR calculations) You are considering a project with an initial cash outlay of $80,000.00 and expected free cash flows of $20,000.00 at the end of each year for 6 years. The required rate of return for this project is 10 percent. a. What is the project’s payback period? Remember first that payback period is the number of years needed to recover the initial cash outlay related to an investment as is determined by the number of years just prior to complete payback + the unplaid-back amount at beginning of yearfree cash flow in year payback is completed. Here, simply enough, you just have to†¦show more content†¦Chapter Eleven Review Question 11-1: Why do we focus on cash flows rather than accounting profits in making our capital-budgeting decisions? Why are we interested only in incremental cash flows rather than total cash flows? First, a company receives and is able to reinvest free cash flows. Accounting profits, by contrast, are shown when they are earned as opposed to when the money is actually in hand. Generally speaking, a company’s accounting profits and free cash flows are not timed to occur simultaneously. As an example, capital expenses such as vehicles, plant, and equipment are depreciated over several years with their annual depreciation subtracted from profits. Free cash flows, however, will accurately reflect the timing of benefits and costs. This in turn shows when money is received, when it can be reinvested, and when it must be paid out. When measuring cash flows, only incremental after-tax flows matter. It is important to understand what new cash free cash flows the company will receive if it decides to go ahead with a particular project. In deciding which free cash flow is actually incremental, a company has to assess itself with versus without a particular new project. 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Corporate Finance course is strongly suggested as a prerequisite. Consult with faculty if this can be waived. Course Materials Textbooks: 1. Principles of Corporate Finance by R.A. Brearly, S. Myers, and F. Allen, 10th edition* 2. Analysis for Financial Management by R.C. Higgins, 9th edition* *These textbooks will be used for background readingsRead MoreChirality in Chemical Reactions Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesFinance – 419 Scrap #29 Principles of Managerial Finance, by Lawrence J. Gitman. Published by Addison Wesley. Copyright  © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. 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Health and Fitness Portfolio Free Essays

Wendy Wu June 12, 2012 PPL1OF Health – Fitness Portfolio Reflection: Fitness is the condition of being physically fit and healthy, which is what we’ve learned and have been working towards for the entire second semester of this school year (2011 – 2012) in our grade 9 physical education and healthy living course. Through tests that we have completed three separate times during this semester, we can see the progress and improvements that we’ve made throughout the five months. These tests pushed us to do our best and see how we do when we are at our best. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Fitness Portfolio or any similar topic only for you Order Now These tests were there so that the teacher and ourselves to see how well we were doing in six components: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and agility. Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of one’s respiratory system (the heart and lungs) to provide oxygen and fuel for our bodies during sustained physical activity. This ability helps prevent any heart related illnesses, diabetes, etc. You could improve your cardiorespiratory endurance by continuously running, swimming, or cycling. In class, we were tested on this component by doing the beep test. The beep test consists of us continuously running from one point to another, stopping when reached the point and continuing after a beep. This cycle is continued until you feel like you cannot continue. The first time I completed the beep test was on February 21st and I received a 3. 5. After completing the test, I set a goal for myself the next time we do the beep test (which was in 8-9 weeks). This goal was to reach stage four of the beep test, meaning I had to run three more beeps to reach my goal. I thought this goal was â€Å"SMART† (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time). The second time I completed the beep test, I received a 4. 2, two more beeps over my goal. This means that I have improved by five beeps (0. 5). My goal for the last beep test that was in four weeks was to reach level 4. 5, which meant that I had to run three more beeps than the beep test I had just completed. June 1, was the day that I ran my final beep test of the year. I finished the test with a 4. 7, improving by five beeps. Completing the test with a 4. 7 means I had accomplished my goal and exceeded it. Overall, I had shown a steady increase throughout the semester when it comes to my cardiorespiratory endurance. I believe that this increase was because I was involved in track and field throughout the semester. For warm-up during track and field, we had to run four laps. I think this helped in improving my cardiorespiratory endurance. I can improve my cardiorespiratory endurance even more by running up and down the street in the mornings daily (or weekly) or swim laps every week to boost my cardiorespiratory endurance and the amount of air my lungs can intake. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly. This helps with sports and daily activities. Some sports or activities that need muscular endurance are weightlifting, stairs, etc. The main idea of this ability is so that we â€Å"feel the burn†. We figure out our muscular endurance by doing a test of abdominal crunches and push-ups. The first part is to see how many abdominal crunches you could do in a minute. The second part was to see how many continuous push-ups you could do. On the first test, I did 34 crunches in a minute and 20 continuous push-ups. After this testing, I set a SMART goal for myself of 35 abdominal crunches and 22 push-ups. The second test, I did 36 abdominal crunches and 22 continuous push-ups. With these results, I know that I have improved by 2 in abdominal crunches and 3 in push-ups, as well as showing that I had exceeded my goal by one with both sections of the testing. This led me to set my goals for the third testing which were to do 38 abdominal crunches and 25 continuous push-ups. The third testing results ended up to be 38 for abdominal crunches and 33 for continuous push-ups. This displayed an improvement on both tests, as well as accomplishing my SMART goals. In the abdominal crunches sections, I advanced by 2 crunches from last time and reach my goal. For my push-ups, I bettered myself by 10 push-ups and surpassed my goal of 25 continuous push-ups. In the end, these result show a steady increase for the first part (the abdominal crunches) and a slow increase that becomes greater for the second section of the muscular endurance test (continuous push-ups). I think there was an increase because in between the first and second testing, our class had spent a week in the weight room doing a new unit. The first half of the week, we focused on muscular endurance and I think that helped improve my results in the second test. The training we did in the weight room included bench presses, lat pull-downs, abdominal exercises, etc. I continued to do similar exercises before I went to be after the unit had ended, which help improve my third test results. If I continue to do abdominal exercises and push-ups on my own time, my muscular endurance level would steadily increase. Muscular strength is the next component I am going to focus on. It is the amount or weight a muscle can contract once. This component increase muscle mass and increases your power, as well as helping with sports and daily activities like weightlifting, shot-put, javelin, discus, etc. We do a vertical jump test to determine our muscular strength level, which is when we are to stand against the wall with your arm extended to see your standing height. You would then jump with your arm extended to see how high you could jump and the difference between your standing height and your jumping height. I ended my first vertical jump test with 12 inches as my difference and set my goal for next time as 14† for my difference. My second testing result was a difference of 14†, which was my goal. During this test, I improved my muscular strength level by 2†. Then I had written my goal down as 16† for my next difference. I achieved this goal when I completed my third vertical jump and advanced myself from last time by 2†. Therefore, my overall muscular strength level had increased at a constant rate and improved because of the weight training unit we had done. Earlier I mentioned working on muscular endurance in the weight room for a part of the week; the other part was to work on our muscular strength. This helped me better myself in my muscular strength. I could improve my muscular strength level by doing weekly leg exercise like squats or free-weight/machine-weight/body-weight training with more sets than repetitions (reps). How to cite Health and Fitness Portfolio, Essay examples

Pablo Neruda Gives Us A Good Example Of Vanguard Literature In His Poe

Pablo Neruda gives us a good example of Vanguard Literature in his poem Walking Around. We can see the influence of surrealism in the poem because it does not rhyme at all, instead is an effort to express feelings and emotions in a free style. We can also see the existentialism idea as Neruda is bold and tells us everything that is in his mind. Neruda tells us what he thinks about society in general. In this poem we can see that Neruda is tired of technology, he says that he no longer desires to see elevators, or merchandise, or movie theaters. He is tired of all the new inventions humans have made. He is tired of seeing the same things over and over again wherever he goes. Same shoe shops, same stores, etc. In my opinion, he thinks that we have lost our individuality and that we all own the exact same artifacts and we all want to have whatever everyone else has. I also think that he's sorry that humans cannot appreciate the beauty of nature, and are polluting it with factories, buildings, and alike. Neruda grew up in the wilderness, and I think that he misses the wild landscapes and the fresh air he used to breath when he was a boy. The line that confused me was when he says that it would be delicious to kill a nun. I thought that because of his experience of loosing a friend during war, he would be against any kind of violence. But, I then I thought that since existentialism consists of an active role of the will, and not the reason, Neruda was just being spontaneous. He probably was just trying to get out all that he felt, even if this meant going to the extremes. Neruda was probably disappointed of the new inventions, and the destruction of nature and man itself. This poem clearly shows that Neruda is tired of living in the world around him.

the final steps into the ordinary essays

the final steps into the ordinary essays Its hard sometimes to put your finger on the tipping point of tolerance. Its not usually the Thurgood Marshalls and the Sally Rides, the big headlines and the major stories. Its in the small incremental ways the world stops seeing differences as threatening...And its finally happening for gay men and lesbians. Theyre becoming ordinary. In the September issue of Newsweek magazine Ann Quindlen wrote an article entitled The Right To Be Ordinary. In this article Quindlen addresses the issue of gays and lesbians becoming a part of every day life. The article states that even though there is still a lot of discrimination in our country; being gay or lesbian over the years has become more widely accepted. The author effectively argues this point by her use of anecdotes, her tone, and by. Quindlen successfully uses anecdotes to show readers how gay men and lesbians are becoming more commonplace. She builds her credibility by use actual anecdotes that have really occurred and have been reported in many newspapers. On incident that she reported was the Supreme Courts decision that the Boy Scouts had a right to keep out gay scoutmasters. This seems like a setback but it was actually a blessing in disguise. Even though the gay scoutmaster lost his trial, it was the Scouting officials that really took the beating. Men who had been Eagle Scouts for years began to send back their badges. The United Way would no longer support them and took away their funding. Cities and states soon prohibited the Boy Scouts from using public facilities. All this the Boy Scouts lost because of one little act of intolerance for a fellow human being. An additional example would be that during the summer in Vermont, nearly 500 gay and lesbian couples were united in civil unions. Even if these unions were on ...

Biography of Black Bart Roberts, Successful Pirate

Biography of 'Black Bart' Roberts, Successful Pirate Bartholomew Black Bart Roberts (1682–Feb. 10, 1722) was a Welsh pirate and the most successful buccaneer of the so-called Golden Age of Piracy, capturing and looting more ships than contemporaries such as Blackbeard, Edward Low, Jack Rackham, and Francis Spriggs combined. At the height of his power, he had a fleet of four ships and hundreds of pirates to go with his organizational skills, charisma, and daring. He was killed in action by pirate hunters off the African coast in 1722. Fast Facts: Bartholomew Roberts Famous For: Highly successful pirateAlso Known As: Black Bart, JohnBorn: 1682 near  Haverfordwest, WalesDied: Feb. 10, 1722 off the Guinea coast Early Life Little is known of Roberts early life, other than that he was born near  Haverfordwest, Wales in 1682 and his real first name was possibly John. He took to sea at a young age, proving himself a competent sailor, as by 1719 he was second mate on the slave ship Princess. The Princess went to Anomabu, in present-day Ghana, to pick up slaves in mid-1719. That June, the Princess was captured by Welsh pirate Howell Davis, who forced several crew members, including Roberts, to join his band. Only six weeks after Black Bart was forced to join the crew, Davis was killed. The crew took a vote, and Roberts was named the new captain. Although he was a reluctant pirate, Roberts embraced the role of captain. According to contemporary historian Capt. Charles Johnson (who might have been Daniel Defoe), Roberts felt that if he must be a pirate, it was better being a commander than a common man. His first act was to attack the town where Davis had been killed in order to avenge his former captain. Rich Haul Roberts and his crew headed for the coast of South America to look for booty. After several weeks they found a treasure fleet bound for Portugal getting ready in All Saints Bay off northern Brazil. Waiting nearby were 42 ships and their escorts, two massive men-of-war with 70 guns each. Roberts sailed into the bay as if he were part of the convoy and took one of the ships without anyone noticing. He had the ships master point out the richest ship at anchor, then sailed up and attacked. Roberts captured the ship and both vessels sailed away; the escort ships couldnt catch them. Double-Crossed Soon after, while Roberts was chasing another prize, some of his men, led by Walter Kennedy, made off with the treasure ship and most of the loot. Roberts was infuriated. The remaining pirates devised a set of articles and made newcomers swear to them. They included payments for those injured in battle and punishments for those who stole, deserted, or committed other crimes. The articles excluded Irishmen from becoming full members of the crew, most likely because of Kennedy, who was Irish. Overwhelming Ships Roberts quickly added weapons and men to reach his former strength. When authorities in Barbados learned that he was nearby, they outfitted two pirate hunter ships to bring him in. Roberts saw one of the ships and, not knowing it was a heavily armed pirate-hunter, tried to take it. The other ship opened fire and Roberts was forced to flee. After that, Roberts was always harsh to captured ships from Barbados. Roberts and his men made their way north to Newfoundland in June 1720 and found 22 ships in the harbor. The crews and townspeople fled at the sight of the pirates flag. Roberts and his men looted the ships, destroying and sinking all but one, which they commandeered. They then sailed out to the banks, finding several French ships and keeping one. With this small fleet, Roberts and his men captured many more prizes in the area that summer. They then returned to the Caribbean, where they captured dozens of vessels. They changed ships often, selecting the best vessels and outfitting them for piracy. Roberts flagship was usually renamed  Royal Fortune, and he would often have fleets of three or four ships. He began calling himself the Admiral of the Leeward Islands. He was sought out by two ships of would-be pirates looking for pointers; he gave them advice, ammunition, and weapons. Roberts Flags Four flags are associated with Roberts. According to Johnson, when Roberts sailed to Africa, he had a black flag bearing a skeleton, representing death, that held an hourglass in one hand and crossbones in the other. Nearby were a spear and three drops of blood. Another Roberts flag  also was black, with a white figure, representing Roberts, holding a flaming sword and standing on two skulls. Beneath them was written ABH and AMH, standing for A Barbadian Head and A Martinicos Head. Roberts hated the governors of Barbados and Martinique for sending  pirate hunters  after him and was always cruel to ships from either place. When Roberts was killed, according to Johnson, his flag featured a skeleton and a man with a flaming sword, signifying defiance of death. The flag most commonly associated with Roberts  was black and displayed a pirate and a skeleton holding an hourglass between them. Deserters Roberts often faced discipline problems. In early 1721, Roberts killed one crew member in a brawl and was attacked later by one of that mans friends. This caused a division among the already disgruntled crew. One faction wanted out, convincing the captain of one of Roberts ships, Thomas Anstis, to desert Roberts. They did, setting out on their own in April 1721. Anstis proved to be an unsuccessful pirate. Meanwhile, the Caribbean had become too dangerous for Roberts, who headed for Africa. Africa Roberts neared Senegal in June 1721  and began raiding shipping along the coast. He anchored at Sierra Leone, where he heard that two Royal Navy ships, the  Swallow  and the  Weymouth, had been in the area but had left a month before. They took the  Onslow, a massive frigate, renamed her the  Royal Fortune,  and mounted 40 cannons. With a fleet of four ships and at the height of his strength, he could attack anyone with impunity. For the next few months, Roberts took dozens of prizes. Each pirate began amassing a small fortune. Cruelty In January 1722, Roberts showed his cruelty. He was sailing off Whydah, a well-known slaving area, and found a  slave ship, the  Porcupine, at anchor. The captain was ashore. Roberts took the ship and demanded a ransom from the captain, who refused to deal with pirates. Roberts ordered the Porcupine burned, but his men didnt release the slaves on board. Johnson describes the slaves miserable choice of perishing by fire or water, writing that those who jumped overboard were seized by sharks and tore limb from limb alive ... A cruelty unparalelld! Beginning of the End In February 1722, Roberts was repairing his ship when a large vessel approached. It turned to flee, so Roberts sent his consort vessel, the  Great Ranger, to capture it. The other ship was actually the  Swallow, a large man-of-war that had been looking for them under the command of Capt. Challoner Ogle. Once they were out of Roberts sight, the Swallow  turned and attacked the  Great Ranger. After a two-hour battle, the  Great Ranger  was crippled and her remaining crew surrendered. Ogle sent the  Great Ranger  limping away with the pirates in chains and went back for Roberts. Final Battle The  Swallow  returned on Feb. 10 to find the  Royal Fortune  still at anchor. Two other ships were there: a tender to the  Royal Fortune  and a trading vessel, the  Neptune. One of Roberts men had served on the  Swallow  and recognized it. Some men wanted to flee, but Roberts decided to fight. They sailed out to meet the  Swallow. Roberts was killed in the first broadside as grapeshot fired from one of the  Swallows cannons tore out his throat. Obeying his standing order, his men threw his body overboard. Without Roberts, the pirates lost heart and within an hour they surrendered. One hundred and fifty-two pirates were arrested. The  Neptune  had vanished, but not before looting the abandoned smaller  pirate ship. Ogle set sail for Cape Coast Castle on Africas west coast. A trial was held at  Cape Coast Castle. Of the 152 pirates, 52 Africans were sold back into slavery, 54 were hanged, and 37 were sentenced to serve as indentured servants and sent to the West Indies. Those who could prove they had been forced to join the crew against their will were acquitted. Legacy Black Bart Roberts was the greatest pirate of his generation: it is estimated that he took 400 ships during his three-year career. He isnt as famous as some contemporaries, such as Blackbeard,  Stede Bonnet,  or  Charles Vane, but he was a much better pirate. His nickname seems to have come from his dark hair and complexion instead of a cruel nature, although he could be as ruthless as any contemporary. Roberts owed his success to many factors, including his charisma and leadership, his daring and ruthlessness, and his ability to coordinate small fleets to maximum effect. Wherever he was, commerce came to a halt; fear of him and his men made merchants stay in port. Roberts is a favorite of true pirate buffs. He was mentioned in  Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island. Iin the movie The Princess Bride, the name Dread Pirate Roberts refers to him. He often appears in pirate video games and has been the subject of novels, histories, and movies. Sources Cordingly, David. .Under the Black Flag  Random House, 1996.Johnson, Capt. Charles (Defoe, Daniel?). A General History of the Pyrates. Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Konstam, Angus.  The World Atlas of Pirates.  Lyons Press, 2009.Bartholomew Roberts: Welsh Pirate. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

Atmospheric Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Atmospheric Chemistry - Essay Example The bottom line of the mission is to study Arctic zone depletion aside from understanding atmospheric phenomena, the effects of biomass burning to the atmosphere, and measuring the size and density of aerosols and Polar stratospheric Clouds (PSC). The planet where we thrive in is unique among the planets in our solar system. We can say that its composition is fairly simple especially if we will just confine our sight on the blanket of gases enveloping our lithosphere. Yet, beyond this simplicity are the more complex and dynamic chemical processes which support the ultimate existence of life. However, as ages pass by, as man become more inclined to motivations and innovations, it is clear that this green planet is in grave danger. The effects of climate change and global warming is of great concern among countries nowadays. In an article by Naomi Oreskes entitled BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change, it is pointed out that climate change issues still baffle scientists and that continuous researches are needed for this to be well understood. However, the connection of climate change with human activities cannot be denied. And it is man's utmost responsibility to give back to the Earth that nurtures him. Thus, there are steps needed to be taken, missions to be launched, and the voyage goes on. August 12, 2003, on board the Canadian satellite SCISAT-1 is a satel... Indeed, this shows that issues concerning the Earth are of everyone's great concern and interest. The ACE was launched at an inclination of 74, 650 km from the Earth's surface. This position allows the satellite to gather data from the tropical, mid-latitude and Polar Regions. The ACE mission includes the exploration of the relationship between atmospheric chemistry and climate change, the understanding of stratospheric phenomena that affects the distribution and the decline of ozone, studying the effects of biomass burning, measuring the size and density of aerosols and polar stratospheric clouds (PSC). The bottom line of the mission, however, is focused on the atmospheric ozone problem which is being currently experienced not just in the Antarctic but also in the Arctic region of the globe. For these to be possible, the mission carried with it two sophisticated instruments that are capable of obtaining the needed measurements and data. ACE-FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) is a kind of Fourier Transform instrument that measures the vertical distribution of trace gases and temperature. Skoog et al., describes that Fourier Transform instruments are characterized but their great speed, high resolution, high sensitivity, and excellent wavelength precision and accuracy. A Fourier Transform spectrometer is capable of detecting all the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation simultaneously and all the time. A device called a Michelson interferometer makes it possible for Fourier Transform instruments to precisely measure the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. On the other hand, another instrument called the MAESTRO (measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the

Greenhouse Effect and Environmental Law Coursework

Greenhouse Effect and Environmental Law - Coursework Example By studying a range of subjects regarding the emission and its factors of Greenhouse which are relevant to all environmental policy issues: like the objectivity of scientific information, asymmetry of costs and benefits over space (regional impacts) and time; risk, uncertainty and ignorance; institutional power over information and policy I found myself deeply indulge in research and posing serious challenges to the current conceptualisation of pollution as a technical problem which requires an engineered solution. When I collected various data regarding the destruction caused by the Greenhouse Effect, I was not aware of the Kyoto Protocol current conditions, particularly the way it is implemented on the Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change reflects its drafters' understanding that changes in the global economy, globalization of markets, emerging global governance in the areas of trade and services, privatization and internationalization of the energy sector, and the ascending role of the private sector are changing the context rapidly in which environmental problems must be addressed. As a result, the formation of Kyoto Protocol took place. The main purpose of the Kyoto Protocol is to provide a shield against the environmental hazards and catastrophes to the new generation of environmental treaties; those treaties which are negotiated in an age of globalization and are aimed at influencing important economic activities such as energy production and fore ign investment in order to minimize their impacts on the environment. The potential economic effects of the Protocol are so far-reaching that it is sometimes referred to as an economic instrument disguised as an environmental agreement. The Kyoto Protocol contains three mechanisms allowing for international implementation, which are aimed at achieving the environmental goals of the treaty by affecting market-based activities. These mechanisms are related to (1) greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions trading, (2) joint implementation (JI), and (3) the clean development mechanism (CDM). Each of these mechanisms specifically includes provisions relating to the participation of non-state actors in its implementation. (Chambers, 2001) The first part of the report lays the foundation for tackling various factors that lead to Environmental change like pollution, burning of fossil fuels etc. After analyzation it is evident that the Kyoto Protocol is still in an unfinished state and the actual details will not be known until analyzing the final outcome of the lawful negotiations of the Protocol, I feel it is important to establish certain criteria for the substantive discussion contained in later parts of the report. In the beginning, Wilkinson has set out the unresolved issues from Protocol and what can be expected in future negotiations. Later the report has gone into greater detail on the outstanding issues of various changes and changes in variations by describing the potential role of non-state actors or, as the Protocol describes, legal entities. It is thought that any future Protocol negotiation anticipates a greater role for these actors. Selma Stern has also focused on different problems that contribute

Filamentous DNA Phages Single Stranded RNA Phages

Filamentous DNA Phages Single Stranded RNA Phages INTRODUCTION: Bacteriophages are one of the most widely studied organisms than that of bacteria and any other living organism. They are mainly used in that of molecular biology studies, because of lesser complexity they are usually preferred over other organism. A bateriophage is a bacterial parasite which can neither grow or replicate on its own but can do so within a given organism. The major success of bacteriophage truly depends upon the genetic element which is usually packed within the capsid. the genetic element can either be a single stranded or double stranded linear,circular DNA /RNA. The filamentous bacteriophages are single stranded DNA phages about 5.5nm in diameter and they usually are present in a ring like form. They show the presence of about 10000 nucleotide and they usually harbour in Gram negative host. They usually adsorb on the tail like component called sex pilus which is responsible for the transmission of plasmids. The major properties of these virus are that it does not harm the host. The other general properties of filamentous DNA phages are as follows: They can be grown in extremely high titre because they do not lyse the cells. They are extremely small in size and they can mainly be studied and used in molecular biology experiments. It is the only virus which has been crystallized for the analysis using x-ray diffraction and a good model for studying mutations. The interaction between the host and the virus can be used as a model for studying characteristics property of oncogenic virus. Three filamentous E.coli phages i.e M13,fd, f1 have been carefully studied and each of them have a life cycle similar to that à ¢Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ·174. M13 bacteriophage: M13 is a filamentous bacteriophage it has circular ssDNA. It contains about 6407 nucleotides. It contains major coat protein P8 and it capped with 5 minor protein P9,P6,P3.P3 protein attaches to the tip of the pilus E.coli. They are non-lethal and they form turbid plaques in Ec.oli they bring about reduction in the cell growth process. They are also used for structural studies. The phage particles: The phage is assembled by that of 50 amino acids protein called p8.It takes about 2700 copies of p8 to make about the coat 90 nm long.It has been seen that is quite flexible .Other distinct proteins which are usually present P9 mainly comprises about 5 copies. P7 p9 are usually seen in micrographs they are extremely small in size containing about 32-33 amono acids.The other end of the phage particles contain about 5 copies of the surface exposed p3and less exposed accessory protein p6.They form a rounded tip and the p6 is the the final protein to interact with the E.coli host during invasion. Phage life cycle: The filament phage uses the F pilus to infect E.coli with the M 13 tip containing the TolA protein on bacterial pilus. The phage genome is transferred to the cytoplasm of E.coli where the resident protein convert single stranded DNA genome to a double stranded replicative form(RF).This DNA acts like a template for the expression of phage gene. The second phase mainly involves amplification of the genome p2 it nicks the double strand form of the genome to initiate the replication of strand without which no replication occurs. Host enzymes replicate the(+) strand resulting in more copies of dsDNA.p5 competes with ds DNA formation by sequestering copies of the (+) stranded DNA into a protein/DNA complex designed to pack recovery phages. Another important protein p10 is important for regulating the number of ds genome in the bacterial host without which no strand an accommodate .Phage maturation requires p4 translational restart p11.Multiple copies of p4 assemble in outer membrane into a table barrel shaped structure.A number of p1 and p11 5/6 copies each)assemble inside the inner bacterial membrane.p1 p11 ans p4 together they are responsible for the release of mature phage. REPLICATION IN M13: Replication in m13 can be explained as follows; Viral (+) strand DNA enterscytoplasm Complementary (-) strandis synthesized by bacterial enzymes DNA Gyrase, atype II topoisomerase, acts ondouble-stranded DNAand catalyzes formation ofnegative supercoilsin double-stranded DNA Final product is parental replicative form (RF) DNA A phage protein, pII, nicks the (+) strand in the RF 3-hydroxyl acts as a primer in the creation of new viral strand pII circulizes displaced viral (+) strand DNA Pool of progeny double-stranded RF molecules produced Negative strand of RF is template of transcription mRNAs are translated into the phage proteins Phage proteins in the cytoplasm are pII, pX, and pV, and they are part of the replication process of DNA. The other phage proteins are synthesized and inserted into the cytoplasmic or outer membranes. pV dimers bind newly synthesized single-stranded DNA and prevent conversion to RF DNA RF DNA synthesis continues and amount of pV reaches critical concentration DNA replication switches to synthesis of single-stranded (+) viral DNA pV-DNA structures from about 800nm long and 8nm in diameter pV-DNA complex is substrate in phage assembly reaction. Research: SINGLE STRANDED RNA PHAGES: Single stranded RNA are found everywhere E. coli lives in the intestinal tract of man and animals. They can also be found in sewage samples .They are harmless creature in case of humans.RNA phages are tailless, icosahedron like that of à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢174 and it mainly involves E. coli phages f2,R17,MS-2 QÃŽ ². The RNA is a linear single stranded molecule having about 3600 nucleotides it contains 3 genes encoding a coat protein an attachment protein (A) and a RNA replicase. The RNA molecule acts both like a template and also like an mRNA so they do not possess a DNA polymerase and the regulation occurs at the translational level. They have large burst size and they form huge crystalline arrays within each bacterium. Cell lysis usually takes place at a time ranging from 30-60 minutes after infection. Virus structure: Virions contain about 180 copies of the coat protein arranged in a T=3 icosahedral shell that encloses THE RNA. alloleviviruses contain about 15 copies of the read through protein.the encapsidated RNA is resistant to ribonuclease treatment.The damaged virion are exposed to RNAase activity.The structures have been resolved by x-ray diffraction methods Life cycle of RNA PHAGE: ENTRY: Upon entry the ribosome they usually attach to the CP gene which is the centremost gene of the RNA molecule. TRANSLATION : The stem and loop structures in RNA block the ribosomal binding sites of the A and the Rep proteins. The translation of the CP gene opens the binding site of the Rep proteins .Both proteins are made but the increasing amounts of the CP proteins bind to the rep site and block translation of the rep gene. About 2 x 10 copies are needed as structural components whereas replicase is needed only in catalytic amounts. Replication of the phage RNA:The QÃŽ ²has a tetramer consisting of one Rep molecule with about three proteins-EF-Ts EF-Tutranslation factors needed for the placement of charged TrnaMOLECULES Synthesis of A protein: The binding site for the A protein is never available on the free(+)strand. The replication begins at the 3’teerminus close to the A gene. After synthesis of the (+) strand begind there is a brief period when the protein A gets translated. The A number is maintained and it is equal to the number of the (+) strand .it is believed that the A protein bring about the interaction of the RNA with the CP molecules PARTICLE ASSEMBLY: THE CP PROTEIN MOLE CULES spontaneously aggregate around the newly synthesized (+) strand and form an icosahedral shell. Cell lysis: Once about 10000 phages are formed the cell undergoes lysis and no lytic enzymes are left behind ,the mechanism still remains unknown. The QÃŽ ² phage: It is an RNA virus affecting E.coli. Contains a positive sense single strand RNA. It is one of the smallest known viruses measuring about 24 nm in diameter. Its icosahedral capsid consists of about 180 copies of the same protein. The strands acts like that of an mRNA and it also acts like a template for the replication of a complimentary strand. REFERENCES: Filamentous Bacterial Viruses(BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS JUNE 1969 pg 177-209.ASM PRESS THE BACTERIOPHAGES 2ND ,BY CALENDER EDITION OXFORD PRESS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BY FREIFIELDER FROM THE WEB

Competition Level Between Shanghai Port and Busan Port

Shanghai Port Is located In the front edge of the Yawning River Delta and It becomes the first busiest container port In the world whereas Bushman Port which Is located In the southern part of the Korean peninsula ranked the fifth. Both ports handle approximately 90% of the total container throughput, and they are also the major hubs of the seaborne transportation in the world (World Port Source AAA, World Port Source Bibb).This essay will discuss the level of competition between Bushman Port and Shanghai Port, and identify the external factors that should be considered by both ports' management in developing their strategic development plans. Level of competition The late growth of China on a global scale in recent years has affected on both Bushman Port and Shanghai Port In several levels of competition. There are three key competitions between them which are geographical positioning, transshipment capableness and low comparative costs.In terms of geographical positioning, Bushman Port has become an appropriate choice due to Its location between Japan and China. It has mm water depth and planning to Increase up to mm In 2020, and Its world class infrastructure allows the calling of mega large vessels. Furthermore, Bushman Port has 41 container berths and systematic connections for global logistics corporations to help save costs and time, so it can act as a feeder hub aiming for small ports for a majority of North-East Asian transshipment carriers.For example, inland transport in Northern China will be expensive and inconvenient, thus exporters or importers choose to transport their shipments to Bushman Port first then Shanghai Port (BAA 013). On the other hand, China created Shanghai as a finance shipping hub because Shanghai Is a port city. It became an international maritime capital because It focused on economic Instead of political logic (BAA 2013). Similarly, both Shanghai Port and Bushman Port are part of the mall trunk line functioning as hub port for relative countries, but Shanghai Port has the ambition to challenge Bushman Port as the main hub port of Northeast Asia.This Is because the growth of container volume In China ports has been fuelled by the decision of many multinational companies to locate production of a whole range of consumer goods from their domestic plants, mainly in USA and Europe, to China where production costs are much cheaper (Park, Anderson & Choc 2006). However, the inconsistent weather of China has benefited South Korea. For instance, ports in China are forced to close for up to two weeks of each calendar year due to fog and stormy weather.Moreover, Shanghai Port could not compete with Bushman Port deep water harbor, causing It failed to attract mega huge vessels from big corporation to call (Shepherd 2011). Regarding to reinstatement capabilities, Shepherd (2011) stated that the newly extended feeder network of Bushman Port connects with over sixty others ports In China, five In Russia, and thirty In Japan, making Its as the chosen destination for huge vessels and to transshipment cargo. Conversely, the development of Hangs New Port which is traffic and establishing transshipment capabilities comparing to its old Wigwagging container terminal.Moreover, Shanghai Port is improving its customs clearance procedure and cargo handling system to attract more transshipment cargo (McKinney 2011). Consequently, both ports have similar transshipment capabilities which are also the main competitiveness between them. Towards low comparative costs, in order to attract more transshipment cargo, Bushman Port promoted ‘Free Trade Zone', reducing port tariffs, and exempting 100% of Transshipment Entrance Fee since 2003 as the marketing strategies to attract foreign investment and compete with Shanghai Port (Park, Anderson and Choc 2006). For example, the exemption of the $2. 0 for 1 TEE entrance fee could reduce the $2,200 fee for a vessel carrying 1,000 TIES, and it also provides exclusive berths for coastal shipping companies and offers volume incentives to secure more cargo volumes (BAA 2013). On the other hand, Shanghai Port utilized a Volume Incentive System for shipping companies when the transportation volume is increased by more than 20% compared with the previous year. In addition, the Shanghai Port has also been trying to improve competitiveness by discounting port tariff in the Hangs New Port, and plan to establish logistics Free Trade Zone in the hinterland (Park, Anderson and Choc 2006).External factors in developing strategic plans There are several external factors that should be considered by Bushman Port and Shanghai Port in developing their strategies development plans. The first factor is the government involvement. According to Lee, Lee, Gang & Lee (201 1), port management had changed rapidly in recent years due to the structural changes in international trade and sea transport, so government plays an important role to cope with the changes of envi ronment.The establishment of co-petition and global network between competitors will generate positive impact on efficiency and access of the port management strategies with the special government support (Shepherd 2011). In addition, government can encourage shipping companies to form alliances where they can connect their transport system hence improving services. Moreover, the supplementary government supports with positive impact on efficiency, credibility, and competitiveness of the port management strategies could lead Bushman Port to have greater impact function as a Northeast Sais's hub-Port (McKinney 2011).Additionally, the advancement of government policies are followed by the changes made in the environment of port management. How government involves in port management will impact on the port's future developing of plans. In Shanghai, the central government had not implicated in the ownership of ports, but had got involved in an oversight role for strategic planning. For example, local authority had rights to undertake the ports planning, but still all plans had to be approved by central government (Xx 2007). This cooperation between government and port management will lead to improvement of international trade.Furthermore, comply with the Port Laws, it can encourage foreign investment as to build an attractive business environment in Shanghai Port, presenting Shanghai Port as an International Shipping Centre (SC) (McKinney 2011). Secondly, the growth of ports in the world had been affected due to the global economic downturn in 2012. Negative economic growth will not only put current projects at risks, but also the future project. This will the government to have less revenues and resources (Waters 2012). Therefore, the government should step in and take control of the situation.Government needs to prepare the country to become a low cost and high productivity place to invest which then attracts foreign investments, helping the country to generate profits. For example, government could implement strategies, such as education and direct investment (FED) to promote the local economy for future development of ports (Port Technology 2013). The investment in human capital or education can produce workers with better knowledge, and the productivity will increase when workers have more capabilities.Moreover, governments can send port employees to countries like Singapore and Hong Kong to familiarize with their operating system as they are the world most efficient ports. This will improve the port technology and productivity whilst workers return. Furthermore, economic growth can be achieved with the redevelopment of Bushman North Port and the nearer completion of Bushman New Port had as it will create whereas Shanghai Port can also benefited from the increase of national strength in China (Xx 2007). Another factor is the inland transport system.A well developed port should also include efficient inland transport. This is because mul tinational shipping company will normally choose port with speedy and productivity connection between the port and inland transportation to faster deliver cargoes to their customers (ROR, Lanai & Maim 2007). Therefore, both South Korea and China government should increase attention and funding towards the improvement of inland transport system within the port, such as railway network which connect to major cities in the countries.Moreover, the investments in rail and road access could help Bushman Port and Shanghai Port to remain as the major container hubs in the world, and create a swift, simple and cheap choice of transportation to transfer cargo within the countries as well as produce more Jobs for the locals (Shepherd 2011). In addition, governments could also focus on congestion robber especially in the city to allow trucks to transport goods more rapidly. For example, encouraging trucks to operate in certain hours and taking a detour road can help to save time and cost (Lee 2 013).As a result, good connection of inland transport could help Bushman Port and Shanghai Port reduces the problem of congestion, and also allows cargoes could smoothly move through the port. Apart from the previous mentioned factors, environmental pollution is another key external factor that Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to consider in developing their strategic development Lana. There are several causes of the port environmental pollution. For instance, diesel engines at ports, trucks, trains, and cargo handling equipment, creating a lot of air pollution that has affected the health of port workers, and residents living in the communities.In addition, major ports especially Shanghai operating around residential areas or city, causing both workers and residents to face extraordinarily high health risks which related to air pollution. According from the human epidemiological and California studies, diesel exhaust increases risks of cancer, and approximately 70% of the cancer risk is caused by air pollution (NRC 2004). Furthermore, the dredging berth and deepening access channels of Shanghai Port and Bushman Port in order to accommodate large vessels in the future are causing water pollution.It not only damages the water quality, marine life and ecosystems, traffic Jams, and could be loud, ugly and brightly lit at night. These effects also pose negative health effects to human. For instance, noise pollution has been linked to hearing impairment, high blood pressure, lack of sleep, performance reduction, and even aggression behavior. Bright lights at night and the flashing lights of straddle carries and forklifts could influence surrounding residents, leading stress and irritation (NRC 2004).Consequently, Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to do their best to avoid, to prevent, to control, and to measure the environmental pollution which caused by several port operations, with the ultimate aim to become a green port. Conclusion In conclusion, Bushman Po rt and Shanghai Port have their own respective advantages to compete with each other in several aspects in order to gain competitive advantages in the marine industry. However, there are several external factors that Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to take into consideration while developing their strategic development plans in order to avoid the disadvantages to them.

Pennsylvania Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Pennsylvania 2019

With 49 Fortune 500 companies based in the state, working professionals who head back to school in Pennsylvania have an abundance of career options. Pennsylvania colleges and universities are training students to work in the commercial and industrial centers of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. College degree programs and career options throughout the Keystone State of the Northeast are more plentiful than ever before. Graduates of Pennsylvania Colleges and Universities have Best Opportunities with Local Employers Pennsylvania college graduates are prepared to effectively compete for local positions. Some of Pennsylvanias top employers include: FedEx Ground headquartered in Pennsylvania. General Nutrition Centers headquartered in Pennsylvania. Entercom Communications headquartered in Pennsylvania. Kappa Publishing Group headquartered in Pennsylvania. Mellon Financial headquartered in Pennsylvania. PNC Financial Services headquartered in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust headquartered in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Colleges and Universities help Working Professionals Thrive in a Strong Local Economy With an unemployment rate and median household income on par with the national average, Pennsylvania offers a stable economy for working professionals with a college degree. Philadelphia shipyards and seaports on the Delaware River continually boost the Pennsylvania economy. The most recent statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau and Department of Labor reveal: The 2017 Pennsylvania gross state product was $430 billion. The September, 2017 Pennsylvania unemployment rate was 4.1%, equal to the national average. 5,999,600 people are employed in Pennsylvania. The 2016 2017 Pennsylvania median household income was $45,941, on par with the national average. .u133d2f8af424288a34b3564b005ee503 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u133d2f8af424288a34b3564b005ee503:active, .u133d2f8af424288a34b3564b005ee503:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u133d2f8af424288a34b3564b005ee503 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u133d2f8af424288a34b3564b005ee503 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u133d2f8af424288a34b3564b005ee503 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u133d2f8af424288a34b3564b005ee503:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ 10 Job Search Rules You Need to BreakStudents have Access to Flexible Programs at Pennsylvania Universities and Colleges Pennsylvania universities throughout the state are now offering flexible degree programs that allow students to maintain work and personal responsibilities. Unique combinations of campus-based and online education programs are now available through Pennsylvania schools, such as: Kaplan University: Broomall College Campus, Southampton University Campus, Pittsburgh College Campus, Philadelphia University Campus, and Online Programs. University of Phoenix: Harrisburg University Campus, Philadelphia College Campus, Pittsburgh University Campus, and Online Programs. ITT Technical Institute: Harrisburg College Campus, Pittsburgh University Campus, Monroeville College Campus, King of Prussia University Campus, Bensalem College Campus, Dunmore University Campus, and Online Programs. For more links to Pennsylvania colleges and universities, students are encouraged to visit College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Students will also find access to informative articles on making education and career decisions in the state of Pennsylvania. .u17506b6a01514f9db0569d7496f66ec0 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u17506b6a01514f9db0569d7496f66ec0:active, .u17506b6a01514f9db0569d7496f66ec0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u17506b6a01514f9db0569d7496f66ec0 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u17506b6a01514f9db0569d7496f66ec0 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u17506b6a01514f9db0569d7496f66ec0 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u17506b6a01514f9db0569d7496f66ec0:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ West Virginia Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based EducationRelated ArticlesDelaware Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-based EducationNew Jersey Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in New JerseyArizona Colleges and Universities Pursing Advanced Education in The Grand Canyon StateUtah Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Utah, the Beehive StateIowa Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-based Education in Iowa, the Hawkeye StateNorth Dakota Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in North Dakota

Homemade Mosquito Repellents That Work

Have you made or tried a natural homemade mosquito repellent? If so, let other readers who whether it was effective for you. Do you have any favorite natural mosquito repellent recipes? Lemon Juice Lemon juice worked really well for me, and Im a mosquito magnet. I had shorts on and put lemon juice (just normal lemon juice you can buy from the store) on my legs (it wasnt sticky) and the mosquitoes stopped biting my legs. Unfortunately, I didnt have a sprayer and they moved on to biting me through my shirt; but not my legs though! — Charlie Wow Vicks Really So simple an I think it works!! Just tried it this morning and no bites (yet! Knock on wood!) I was mixing up all these spices from the kitchen then came across that post and thank goodness I did! I just moved back to Orlando and the Mosquitos here are only getting worse!! I havent been going outside. I think and hope u solved my problem!!!! Thank u!!! — Flsnowbunnyy Mr Clean please stop! I would like to ask Guest Mr Clean to re-consider applying dryer softener sheets to his and his childrens skin. Chemicals in the sheets might absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, possibly affecting the brain or other vital organs. With all due respect, it just doesnt seem safe. —NatureHealth Dawn I set out a container with water near patio. When larva appear I add a drop of two of Dawn. I have also caught adult mosquitoes. This seem to reduce the overall population in the area. I keep a ceiling fan on high when on the patio and the mosquitoes stay away. I suspect the fan dissipates the CO2 from my breath that attracts them. —Guest Donald Natural Mosquito repellent!! Rub a light layer of vicks rub on the bare skin! Not only will you be able to breathe well... little pesky boogers stay away!!! :) —VICKS GOTTA TRY IT CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE Ive been using regular bounty dryer sheets for about a year now on my self as well as my 6 yr old, 4 yr old and 1 yr old, and it works AMAZINGLY!!! Just rub it on and thats it! I even tape them to the inside of my tent while camping and Ive killed one maybee 2 sqeeters. —Mr. Clean Vinegar of the Four Thieves This stuff kept away the Bubonic Plague! Seriously strong but natural and cheaper than oils. Smells foul when wet but OK when dry: Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent Ingredients: ââ€"  1 32 ounce bottle of Apple Cider Vinegar ââ€"  2 TBSP each of dried Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, Thyme and Mint ââ€"  At least quart size glass jar with airtight lid How to Make the Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent: 1.Put the vinegar and dried herbs into large glass jar. 2.Seal tightly and store on counter or place you will see it daily. Shake well each day for 2-3 weeks. 3.After 2-3 weeks, strain the herbs out and store in spray bottles or tincture bottles, preferably in fridge. 4.To use on skin, dilute to half with water in a spray bottle and use as needed. 5.Use whenever you need serious bug control! [Note: This mixture is very strong and has antiviral and antibacterial properties.] —Normski It works I take cinnamon pills. I have not been bitten in over 2 years. —twice shy Mosquito repellent fumes Mixture of dried leaves and fruit coats of tree Pongamia Pinneta with 2 % Neem oil and 2 % Pongamia Pinneta oil when burned like incense sticks to give fumes repels mosquitoes from the room. Pongamia Pinneta is called KARANJ in Hindi. —Sushil Kumar Sharma Natural Room Spray Gday! A while ago my Mum found a great add in the paper with how to make this, we went and bought all the essential oils and carrier oil which cost a fortune at the time we figured, we were getting our moneys worth if it worked, which it did !It was great! Now I want to make it up, Mum cant find the list of ingredients! sigh, all I can remember, is it had metholated spirits and water with it, vinegar and about 8 or more 100% pure oils, you would literally see the flies come in and back off where she had sprayed in the kitchen, can anyone help here? I possibley have some of the ingredients wrong and it was in a spray bottle. I do know of a mix to deter toads though, its affectionately known by my friends who invented it as 8 hops cos thats about as far as they get after being sprayed by it, I spray around my doorways and sliding doors, to prevent them coming into the house. Its half and half of Metholated Spirits and Dettol, dont use cheap brands they stink. —Tonianne repellents citronella is the best! try it now please —adrian Mosquitoes repellents I have try inside my apartament, the little patio and entrance putting a glass gar with water and smash garlic, it seams that have worked on me. You can try that. —Margie SantaMaria lavender oil i usually get tons of mosquito bites when i go camping but the last couple of times i went i used lavender oil as a mosquito repellent and it worked amazingly! i didnt get a single bite! —crystal vinegar I was told that regular vinegar would repel them but it didnt. i also tried that thing you clip on and it didnt work either. Anyone have any experience with those two? my friend tried the vinegar and it worked for her. and people swear by the clip on thingy. i wonder why they still attack me. —sharon Skin So Soft has DEET Avon Skin So Soft is an effective repellent because it contains DEET. And DEET is less expensive than the Avon product... —Kathryn CATNIP OIL is HATED by mosquitos! Cant believe you didnt mention the essential oil of Catnip! It is off the charts for keeping mosquitos away, AND it doesnt stink! One way you can mix essential oils into water based products is to mix Polysorbate 20 with your essential oil 1:1 BEFORE mixing into water or vinegar..Basically the polysorbate is a naturally derived emulsifier. It will make your oil mix into water so it is equally dispersed, say, in a sprayer. I buy my catnip and polysorbate 20 from a small essential oil distributer. Prob cant name it here, but just google it. You can mix in Witch Hazel instead of water or vinegar or just use all three. —gina castor oil is NOT an essential oil Castor oil is a carrier oil, but I would not recommend it for an application like this since it is very thick and sticky. Two other EOs which are mosquito repellents are Lemongrass and Lavender. —Erin retired chem teacher liquid Ivory soap for dishes worked very well with the added benefit of being able to clean dishes. I rubbed one arm only with it and mosquitoes stayed away for over an hour. My other arm was attacked often. —DHK Listerine and Mosquitoes My little Yorkie gets deathly sick from heartworm medication, cant tolerate most chemicals so can never take her out in evening/early morning. Last year on a tip, tried putting a neckerchief on her sprayed with Listerine...and slapped some on me too (I seem to be a major mosquito magnet). Well, it worked like a charm! Unbelievably, I didnt get a single bite and I live in a huge mosquito infested area d/t lots of woods and ponds. Still dont like taking my little pooch out at night, but if I must take her somewhere, I dont leave home without her Listerine soaked neckachief and I love that there are no harsh chemicals to stress her liver and pancreas (she suffers from chronic pancreatitis so its essential I totally limit chemicals on her). —Judyann J Neem Oil Light up the tip of a wick (4 inch long cotton threads rolled by hand to form a wick) immersed in a small dish containing NEEM )oil (50ml costs Ind.Rs50/- ).The fumes are not harmful.ventilate the room after half hour.the mosquitoes fly away if windows are open.The just DROP DEAD if this lighted lamp is kept in a closed room. I have tried it and it really works. for outdoors, you can rub neem oil on the exposed part of the body to keep away mosquitoes. —JAYAKUMAR.R Listerine I Have tried this , spraying it full strength on my dogs bed at night. It definately helps reduce the number of mozzies but not all of them. My dog doesnt mind the smell, I used the regular brand listerine. However my friend sprayed her back yard area with the mint listerine and she said it attracted a lot of ants, so she advises againt the sweeter style listerine. —fastpurpleharley Ms. Im such a mosquito magnet (also black biting flies) that my kids say Throw Momma off the deck! In a short trip outside today, I got 4 bites, my husband got none. My skin temp is cooler than most; its not the time of the month (Im past that). Oddly I think Im totally immune to poison ivy--may never have had it. Connection? —Ellen Know your oils! To repond to Keithgvp Cassia Oil is NOT Cinnamon Oil. —Tommy Internal Mosquito Repellant Ive found that taking excessive amounts of Vitamin C for a few days before going camping keeps mosquitos and bugs in general away from me. Being water soluble, Vitamin C wont accumulate in the body, but instead will be excreted in sweat. Bugs hate it! NOTE: If you experience diarrhea youre taking too much. —drdulttl lemon EUCALYPTUS Ok so if you buy lemon eucalyptus as a liquid incense it is far more cheaper than buying the oil, as you can dilute the incense in baby oil or mix it with body lotion apply. And this way it is cheaper and probably better for your skin as with the oil it wasnt really designed for the skin but for oil burners. As well another good technique if you have a baby is to just spray a little on their teddy/doll or something they sleep with. And yes lemon eucalyptus does work (personal experience). —kandii mosquito repellent I hear that spraying oneself and area with the reg. listerine helps get rid of mosquitoes. I hope this helps. —audrey essential oil caution When using any essential oil, mix a small amount first and test it on your wrist. If you have a bad reaction, dont use it! The only oil I have issues with is Lemon. Cinnamon Oil has been a favorite of mine for other uses, so will be trying it as a mosquito repellent tonight. Im guessing the camphor and eucalyptus in Vicks is what does the trick against mosquitos. —Everythingherbal Listerine Dryer Sheets I live in Northern California. We have mosquitoes. I spend a lot of time in the woods and attract the little buggers like crazy. I have found Regular Listerine( buy the cheaper generic brands ) and even clothing softener sheets work very well . I see where the mouth wash contains eucalyptus oil and I prefer it to the sheets . I just use it undiluted in a spray bottle..Apply it every couple of hours. —Jim All Natural Bug Deterrent Candle I make soy wax candles and have been wanting to make a Be Gone Bug one, esp living in the Southeast! Ill let ya know how it turns out... —Heather Jernigan Repellent Alternative I like the idea of making my own insect repellent but I don’t always have the time (or all the ingredients) to do so. I did some research and learned that Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) is the only plant based product recommended by the EPA and CDC for use as an insect repellent. (Check out http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/RepellentUpdates.htm if your interested in what they have to say) OLE is proven to work as well as DEET without the harmful effects. If anyone is interested in trying it, Cutter and Repel both make an OLE product —Ashley mint leaves and vicks can help Ive found Vicks very useful as the mosquito repellent. Whats the annoying chemical in it for mosquitoes? For other insects such as house flies, I found mint leaves dipped in a bowl of water are very effective. —irfana aamir Mosquito repellents I have used Avons repellent also, but I discovered if I get some mosquito fish and put them in water around the outside or see standing water and dump it out it helps keep them down. I know some parts of our country are just mosquito prone. I wish everyone could get some fish that eat this kind of pest. —Anna Elizabeth Wooten vics I found that if I apply Vicks on a few places on my legs, arms and forehead I have no problem the whole night. —AK4Services Dangerous Cinnamon Oil! This is dangerous! I am warning readers not to try cinnamon oil, even diluted 20 to 1, as a mosquito repellent. At that ratio I sprayed some on my face and shoulders (luckily not in my eyes) and in seconds my skin was red and burning. I was in agony as I tried to wash it off, and covered my skin with bicarbonate of soda (a base). I cant believe a PhD would recommend this as a treatment without probably trying it herself. This seems highly irresponsible. Imagine if someone, perhaps a child, sprayed themselves with a cinnamon oil repellent and was nowhere near a source to wash it off? Again, This is a highly dangerous substance: WARNIING, DO NOT USE CINNAMON OIL! (or at the least, the kind I purchased - Chinese Cassia Cinnamon Oil made by a company called Now Foods, in Bloomingdale Il. However, I have had success with a lemon-eucalyptus combination cut with witch hazel. —Keithgvp The Listerine Remedy Ive tried Listerine on and around my doors to keep mosquitoes away. It works just fine. Although you do have to reapply every couple of days, it sure beats spending big $$ on commercial repellents. The old tried and true Skin So Soft (Avon)works well also, in conjunction with one of the oils. Skin so Soft works well on my grandson. But if we are going out for a LONG time, I will lightly spray his clothing BEFORE he is dressed with Off. I just find using a variety of methods is quite efffective. —Mellinpie Listerine for Mosquito control I too have heard of using Listerine around the deck and on the screens and windows. Has anyone else heard of this? If so, how well does it work and why? —James Talley Mosquito Repellent For a couple of backyard events, before guests arrived, we sprayed equal parts of lemon-flavored ammonia mixed with lemon Joy or Dawn (liquid dishwashing soaps) in one of those Miracle Grow hose dispensers, and sprayed around the yard and bushes. This is a temporary fix, but seemed to help. —jandalton Favorite Natural Mosquito Repellents The easiest repellent to make, for me, has been cinnamon oil in olive oil or another vegetable oil. Unlike most of the other mosquito-repelling oils, I actually have cinnamon oil in the cupboard to use as a flavoring for cooking. A little goes a long ways... dont over the cinnamon, especially if you are going to use the product on your skin. If you rub it in your eyes it will burn. My favorite natural mosquito repellent, in terms of effectiveness and scent, is lemon eucalyptus oil in either vodka (non-greasy) or else a mix of vodka and vegetable oil. Another really good natural mosquito repellent is lemon oil. If you arent up for making your own insect repellent, Ive seen lemon oil available commercially as a Burts Bees bath oil. —gemdragon