Similarities Between Aslan And God - 835 Words

The Chronicles of Narnia, by C.S. Lewis, uses analogy to tell about God`s interactions with his creation and how great and loving God is. This analogy represents different things in the Bible many times, from Aslan taking Edmund`s place at the Stone Table to making a new world, with a recognizable England and Narnia but better, in The Last Battle. Aslan is God in Narnia, or is he? I believe Aslan represents God, because they share some similarities, but they do have some differences. In this essay, I compared God and Aslan as seen in the Bible and The Magician`s Nephew, and have similarities and differences between Aslan and God. In the next section, the third paragraph, I have similarities, in the fourth paragraph I have†¦show more content†¦However, when Aslan was creating Narnia, he sang, and when God created, He just spoke (Lewis 107 and Genesis 1). In Genesis 1, God said many times â€Å"It was good† for He was talking about His creation (Genesis 1). It also says: â€Å"And God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and there was light (Genesis 1).’† There is a difference between singing and speaking. God created humans different from everything else he had created, molded in His image and likeness (Genesis 2), but Aslan made a cabby and his wife the first king and queen, but he did not create them (Lewis 149- 152). The Magician`s Nephew says: â€Å"Aslan threw up his shaggy head, opened his mouth, and uttered a long, single note†¦when all of a sudden a young woman†¦and stood beside her (Polly)†¦the cabby`s wife† (Lewis, 149). In other words, Aslan summoned the cabby`s wife to Narnia (Lewis 149). When Aslan created the animals, they grew out of the ground in Narnia, but not in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 1-2 and Lewis 122-123). Wait, this is interesting. In Genesis 2: 19, it says, â€Å"Now the Lord had formed out of the ground all the wild animals and birds of the sky (Genesis 2:19)†. Does the Bible mean it literally, or does it mean something else and C.S. Lewis used it as a parallel in The Magician’s Nephew? Aslan sang while God spoke to create a world, and only God created humans in His image. . I view Aslan as Jesus in Narnia! They created worlds and inhabitants (Lewis 107 and Genesis 1)! They knowShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In The Lion The Witch And The Wardrobe1118 Words   |  5 Pages There are many Christian symbolisms in â€Å"the Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe†, written by C.S. Lewis, but arguably one of the most significant motifs, is the parallel between the White Witch and Satan. The Witch uses her skill in deception to tempt Edmund into following her down a path of evil. In the book, the Witch is portrayed as beautiful, white, and pure when in reality she is a dark and destructive being with no concept of love. Satan is the same in some ways, showing himself as desirableRead MoreThe Characters and Events of the Chronicles of Narnia: the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Have Symbolic Similarities to Events Described in the Bible.1305 Words   |  6 PagesMidterm Research Paper Thesis Statement: The characters and events of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe have symbolic similarities to events described in the Bible. In The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe we discover a world of fantasy filled with the never-ending battle between good and evil. The children in the story, Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy lived in London during the war and were sent to live with a professor because of the air-raidsRead MoreThe Seven Books in The Chronicles of Narnia1202 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious prophecies such as Christ creating earth, Jesus dies for humanity’s sins, and temptation in the world. In both novels, Aslan represents the figure of Christ. The Magicians Nephew has Christian parallels, reflecting particular aspects of The Book of Genesis, such as the creation of earth and Aslan creating Narnia. In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Aslan is a Christ-like figure who suffers a death of expiation for Edmund’s sin, and resurrects much like the way of Christ’s crucifixionRead MoreEssay on The World of Narnia: Allegory or Fairy Tale1099 Words   |  5 Pageswriting is influenced by a strong held belief it will show portions of this belief stronger where the author feels it stronger but this does not make mean the story is exactly like the belief held. It is assumed at times that because of the similarities between The Chronicles of Narnia and the Christian faith that it is an allegory similar to Paul Bunyan’s allegory Pilgrim’s Progress. The question then becomes did C.S. Lewis write an allegory or was it just his beliefs influencing his books? AccordingRead MoreThe Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe Christian Themes Essay2025 Words   |  9 Pagesbecoming vagrant during his high school years. He gave up, until he converted to Christianity as he reached adulthood. He considered this his â€Å"greatest joy†. From there, he continued into life with an open mind, altering vocations drastically between different times in his life. There were very distinct ones, however, that his good friend and executor of his will, Owen Barfield, recalls. He considers Lewis a â€Å"distinguished Oxford literary scholar†, moat likely prevalent from his early upbringingRead MoreNarnia - the Magicians Nephew1953 Words   |  8 Pages How would you describe his character? He doesn’t have a very good character. Chapter 3 How is the Wood between the Worlds like the tunnel in the attic? The Wood between the Worlds is like the tunnel in the attic because you can access multiple places from that one place. The similarity between the two places gives the boy a wild idea. What is it? The similarity between the 2 places gives Digory the wild idea of jumping into other pools and exploring other worlds. Chapter 4 Read MoreNarni The Lion, The Witch, And Greek Myths1801 Words   |  8 PagesWitchcraft was paired with the worship of Nature and pagan gods and goddesses. Just like there is a wide variety of people who call themselves witches, there is a wide variety of the types of witchcraft. People have many definitions for the word witch. Realistically speaking, witches do not wear all black with pointy hats and ride on broomsticks. Witches typically use witchcraft as part of worship or as a tool of communication with Nature and/or gods and goddesses. C. S. Lewis, the author of The LionRead MoreI Was Recently Watching A Video On Facebook Of A Woman1800 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Islam culture and religion it is automatically equated with a negative image. I couldn’t help but think is this what the cause of this ban is? Is the Muslim ban just poor journalism and not understanding the Islamic culture? As I read through Aslan s chapters on Sunni and Shia’s, the discussion of j ihad, and how geographical location can affect Islamic culture, I realized the one of the biggest explanations of hatred in this country is ignorance. While I do not believe all who are against MuslimsRead MoreThe Chronicles Of Narni The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe is about four children discovering an alternate universe and attempting to defeat evil (the White Witch) with the help of the Christ-like figure, Aslan. The time of the book is set during World War II in England. The four Pevensie children, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy go to live in a professor’s house in order to escape war-time. The children soon discover Narnia, an alternate universe with talking creatures and a time-zone muchRead MoreThe Chronicles of Narnia and The Bible1838 Words   |  8 Pagesstarted soon after World War II had ended. These stories were a way to teach the next generation some of the morals th at the Bible was teaching. By creating these fantastical stories Lewis was able to make connections to help bridge the learning gap between the two generations. Also by using children as a target audience Lewis was able to remind adults as well, instead of being ignored because of the recent war. Lewis was able to address these lessons and morals in a way that both taught the children

Oral history essay Free Essays

The Vietnam War effected the whole world in many ways. But when talking about wars in class only give you one perspective which is the big picture. But what about the small picture? The effect the war had on individuals and their families. We will write a custom essay sample on Oral history essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes hearing the story from someone who was in the war can give you a better understanding about the conditions they faced. For this oral history paper interviewed my uncle Steven Mangled who was an engineer sergeant in the Vietnam War. During this time before the draft was abolished n 1 973, many troops were selected for service through the drafts but those who didn’t want to go to war would sometimes flee to Canada or other places. 25 percent of the troops that served in this war were draftees. These people were called â€Å"draft dodgers. † My uncle didn’t want to be one of these people and wanted to do his duty as an American citizen so he joined the army in the 1 ass’s after graduating college. He went through NCO school, which is a course to becoming a non-commissioned officer. He then went through his training to become a sergeant and entered the U. S Army Corps of Engineers. Shortly after, around 1 970, he was sent to Vietnam. His mission there was to support an artillery unit that was stationed on the border of North and South Vietnam. He built and designed things like helicopter pads, flood protection systems, facilities for the army and many other things. During his stay he also had the opportunity to help build a hospital for the Vietnamese people. One of the things that affected my uncle during the war was the subject of races. At this time period there was a lot of civil rights movements going on. The Vietnam War had a very high percentage of blacks more than any war before it. Blacks made up about 13 percent of the troops that served. Before joining the war my uncle had a lot of prejudices about the different races, but started to think differently after working closely with people from all different races and ethnicities. He learned to live with them and became very close to a lot of them. The Vietnam War provided these African Americans and Hispanics their first experiences of white comradeship and really opened peoples eyes to the fact that they weren’t all that different. Of course there was bound to be occasional racial tension but they tried to keep this tension from affecting the performance of the troops. My uncle started to gain respect for Hispanics in the war. He said that they were the hardest workers and had a great work ethic. His visions of the races totally changed. Another thing that really affected my uncle was when he was building the hospital for the Vietnamese. The hospitals in the Vietnam War were different from any other war. There wasn’t a very good road system through Vietnam so transportation was very hard so most of the hospitals were semi-permanent. Before the hospital was completed they started treating patients. The patients were of all ages, from children to elderly. Since he roads weren’t very good the helicopter was a great help in getting patients to the hospitals and saved many lives. My uncle described the injuries as brutal and a lot of times fatal. Seeing all of the wounded really got to him. He expected to see some injuries but figured that because he was an engineer that he wouldn’t be too close to a lot of them. He had time to talk to a lot of the Vietnamese, and was shocked at the fear that they lived in. Men his age had been living in war zones all their lives and grew up in very bad poverty. This made him appreciate where he comes from. He realized how lucky he as to have grown up not scared about having his home raided or burned down or his family torn apart. The American dream was a real thing and he was glad to be living it back at home. We read about wars all the time but almost always just look at the big picture. You hear about mass causalities and death rates. Talking to my uncle made me see the effects of war on a smaller scale. I now better understand how people felt while at war and the things they Saw. Know that he is very proud Of his service in the war, and I am too. If it weren’t for the brave men and women who fought for our country we wouldn’t have the freedom we have now. How to cite Oral history essay, Essays

Social Influence on Consumer Behaviour-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Social Influence on Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Introduction Consumer behaviour is related to the effort of studying and understanding the behaviour of the consumers and their buying tendencies. This study helps the organizations in deciding its target customers and ways by which the products will be presented in the market. Social factors have an important role in the ways by which they influence the decisions of the consumers of the various organizations. The human beings are considered to be social animals and they are always influenced by the social environment and the external environment as well. The essay will be mainly based on the analysis of two major social influences which can influence the decision-making process of the consumers (Badgaiyan Verma, 2015). Analysis of consumer behaviour based on social influences The organization that is taken into consideration for analysis of consumer behaviour is Woolworths Group. Woolworths Group is an organization of Australian origin which operates in the retail sector. The organization was established in the year 1924 and it has its operations in New Zealand and Australia. Woolworths has acquired the second biggest organization in Australia in terms of its revenue. The organization is that has become the biggest takeaway liquor retailer. The first store of Woolworths was opened in Stupendous Bargain Basement in Sydney. The company had gone through many losses in the year 2016 and it had opened many innovative stores all through Australia to bring back its lost position (Bartels Onwezen, 2014). The two social factors that are considered in the analysis of consumer behaviour in Woolworths are cultural factors and the social class. The cultural factors mainly comprise of the various set of values and the ideologies of the communities or the group of the individuals. The cultural factors have immense effect on the buying decisions of the individuals. The various individuals have different set of beliefs and habits which they develop from their family, background and status. The culture of the individuals is developed from their childhood from their families (Woolworths.com.au., 2018). The religion, gender and status of the individuals affect their process of decision-making. The economic and social class of the consumers also affect their buying behaviour. The decisions that are made by the buyers are based on the ways by which the social factors are related to their buying process (Gifford Nilsson, 2014). The social class can be described as the divisions that are made withi n the society based on values, behaviour and interest of the various groups of people. The other major factors that can be used to define social class are related to the income of the individuals, the quality of the neighbourhood from where they belong and their profession. These factors affect the ways by which these consumers take decisions related to the purchase of products belonging to different categories and price levels. This depicts that the social factors related to the various consumers affect their buying behaviour and the products that are purchased by them (Hajli, 2015). The marketing strategy of Woolworths has been formulated based on the analysis of the behaviour of the different consumers of the organization. The strategy related to marketing is formulated by the management of Woolworths with the help of a process called the wheel consumer analysis. The wheel consumer analysis is formed based on three strategies which are, affect and cognition, consumer behaviour and consumer environment. The consumer behaviour analysis is given most importance by the marketing executives of Woolworths. The consumer behaviour of the organization is based in many different factors. The social factors related to the consumers of Woolworths influence their purchase decisions (Pansari Kumar, 2017). Woolworths analyses the culture to which the consumers belong and the effect of this culture on their buying behaviour. The culture of the country affects the culture that is adopted by the individuals who belong to that country. Woolworths has formulated many strategies to win the trust of the customers. The organization has always placed the customers at the top priority and has designed their products and offerings based on their tastes and preferences. The company always formulates strategies that can help in acquiring and retaining the customers. The products of the organization are offered in such a manner so that they can cater to the needs of the customers belonging to all parts of the society or from any economic class. The pricing strategy of the organization affects the buying behaviour of the consumers based on their economic class (Pappas, 2016). The design of the stores also influences the buying decisions that are made by the consumers. The main reason being that the c onsumers belong to different cultures and their style of shopping is different. Based on the style of shopping some people may like the shopping experience and feel in the stores and it may so happen that some may not like the feel as well. Thus it can be said that the social factors of the consumers which include their social class and the cultural factors affect their decisions related to the purchasing of products. The 4 Ps of marketing mix of Woolworths are related to the mix of products, price, promotion and place with respect to the marketing strategy of the organization. Product Woolworths is an Australian retail based organization. The company provides different types of items related to grocery which are a major part of the marketing mix. The products of the company include, fruits, meat, vegetables and the packaged products. Woolworths provides huge variety of products related to various brands, international cuisine and local produce. The products are offered based on the preferences and the behaviour of the consumers. The customers are never left dissatisfied related to their choice of products when they visit the stores of Woolworths. This is possible due to the analysis that is performed by the company based on the preferences of the customers related to the social factors (Parsons, Maclaran Chatzidakis, 2017). The diverse range of products offered by the company has helped them in creating a different position in the market. The needs of the various types of customers have been fulfilled with the help of the consumer behaviour analysis. Price The prices of the products that are offered by Woolworths are same or little more than the prices in the market. The prices are kept in such a manner so that they provide competition in the market. The different segments of customers belonging to the various social and economic classes have preferences for different products in the market. Woolworths has fixed the prices of their products based on the various levels of customers The customers are also provided with shopping cards that can help in tracking the purchases in the stores automatically (Raheem, Vishnu Ahmed, 2014). Place Woolworths has its operations in more than 1000 stores in Australia. Among these 950 are supermarkets and others are the convenience stores The company also has its operations in the online platform. Woolworths has also developed a specialised mobile app for purchases of products. The stores are all designed and operated based on the choices and preferences of the individuals who belong to the society where the stores operate. The stores offer products belonging various private brands like, Woolworth Homebrand, Woolworths Gold, Woolworths Select and Woolworths Fresh. The organization therefore aims at creating a customer base at all the levels in the society. The distribution network of Woolworths is strong enough to reach the various customers and fulfil their needs (Rani, 2014). Promotion The promotional activities of Woolworths have always been of great importance. The company has been innovating its capabilities based on the various promotional offers and schemes that they have been able to provide to the customers. The promotional activities of the company are also based on the tastes and the preferences of the various types of customers who are a major part of the operations. The company provides loyalty schemes for the customers which include a variety of facilities. The online platform is also used by the company for the purpose if reaching the various types of customers. Woolworths also provides gift cards and they use extensive methods of promotion based on the media. The online shopping platform of the company also attracts a huge segment if customers who help the company in increasing its revenues and profitability (Sasmita Mohd Suki, 2015). Target market analysis is related to the study of the potential customers of an organization. The company can identify its target market with the help of data collected with respect to the current customer base, the competition of the company is also analysed to decide the target market. The company needs to analyse the services and products and choose specific demographics to select the appropriate market area for its products. The psychographics of the target group of people are also analysed by the company for analysing target market. The analysis of target market is important for deciding the group of consumers who need to be directly targeted by the company with the help of their services and products. These are the group of consumers who require the products that are being offered by the company (Schuitema Groot, 2015). The target market of Woolworths is analysed by the organization with the help of the levels of income of the consumers. The group of people who are targeted by Woolworths mainly belong to the middle to the upper income group of people. The company has been able to place themselves as one of the top brands among this group of people. The sales of Woolworths have grown both in the fields of clothing and grocery divisions. The limited target market of Woolworths is related to the huge growth of revenues in the same area (Sharma, 2014). The various strategies that are used by Woolworths for influencing the target market are, co-branding, endorsement and multi-branding. The strategy related to endorsement has helped Woolworths in creating sub-categories within the various categories. In this manner the organization offers its services to the consumers belonging to the various groups of people. The social and the cultural background of consumers affect the ways by which the they take the decisions of buying products from Woolworths. Market segmentation is related to the process by which a potential group of consumers are divided according to their likes and choices and other basic characteristics related to their preferences. The market segmentation is done based on the gender, psychographic factors like the age, gender and the income of the specific group of people. The place from where the consumers belong affect their likes and choices and further influences their buying decision (Sirgy, 2015). The usage of the products and the lifestyle of the consumers are also related to the segmentation of market. The various types of market segmentation are demographic segmentation, geographic segmentation, behavioural segmentation and psychographic segmentation. The consumers are divided in such a manner so that the company can offer the specific products according to the preferences of the various groups. Woolworths uses the process of market segmentation to decide the group of customers to whom the products will be of fered (Zeugner-Roth, Ã… ½abkar Diamantopoulos, 2015). The cultural background and the social and economic factors affect the process of market segmentation that is done by the company. The group of consumers of Woolworths are divided based on the culture to which they belong and their economic conditions are also taken into consideration. The four ways of market segmentation are used by Woolworths to divide the consumer groups and further the offer products which are suitable for the particular groups of people (Rettie, Burchell Barnham, 2014). Conclusion The analysis in the essay shows that the buying behaviour of the consumers is affected by the social factors like, cultural background and social and economic class. These factors affect the ways by which decisions are made by the consumers and the products that they intend to buy. Woolworths is a retail organization and it has its operations in many different areas of Australia. The organization decides the market where it can offer its products and further increase the revenues. The target group of customers and the market segmentation process is also based on the social factors related to the consumers and the areas to which they belong. References Badgaiyan, A. J., Verma, A. (2015). Does urge to buy impulsively differ from impulsive buying behaviour? Assessing the impact of situational factors.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 145-157. Bartels, J., Onwezen, M. C. (2014). Consumers' willingness to buy products with environmental and ethical claims: the roles of social representations and social identity.International Journal of Consumer Studies,38(1), 82-89. Gifford, R., Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro?environmental concern and behaviour: A review.International Journal of Psychology,49(3), 141-157. Hajli, N. (2015). Social commerce constructs and consumer's intention to buy.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), 183-191. Pansari, A., Kumar, V. (2017). Customer engagement: the construct, antecedents, and consequences.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(3), 294-311. Pappas, N. (2016). Marketing strategies, perceived risks, and consumer trust in online buying behaviour.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,29, 92-103. Parsons, E., Maclaran, P., Chatzidakis, A. (2017).Contemporary issues in marketing and consumer behaviour. Routledge. Raheem, A. R., Vishnu, P., Ahmed, A. M. (2014). Impact of product packaging on consumers buying behavior.European journal of scientific research,122(2), 125-134. Rani, P. (2014). Factors influencing consumer behaviour.International journal of current research and academic review,2(9), 52-61. Rettie, R., Burchell, K., Barnham, C. (2014). Social normalisation: Using marketing to make green normal.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,13(1), 9-17. Sasmita, J., Mohd Suki, N. (2015). Young consumers insights on brand equity: Effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(3), 276-292. Schuitema, G., Groot, J. I. (2015). Green consumerism: The influence of product attributes and values on purchasing intentions.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,14(1), 57-69. Sharma, M. K. (2014). The impact on consumer buying behaviour: Cognitive dissonance.Global Journal of Finance and Management,6(9), 833-840. Sirgy, M. J. (2015). The self-concept in relation to product preference and purchase intention. InMarketing Horizons: A 1980's Perspective(pp. 350-354). Springer, Cham. Woolworths.com.au. (2018).Woolworths.com.au. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/ Zeugner-Roth, K. P., Ã… ½abkar, V., Diamantopoulos, A. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior: A social identity theory perspective.Journal of international marketing,23(2), 25-54.

Project Management Green Fashion Store

Purpose of the project management plan Environmental pollution is one of the major challenges facing the society today. Despite this, firms are adopting various production and operational strategies in a bid to maximise their level of profitability. Some of the strategies implemented have a negative impact on the environment. The fashion industry contributes to various forms of environmental pollution such as air, water, and soil pollution (Cervellon et al., 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: Green Fashion Store specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A survey conducted by Deloitte shows that most firms in the global fashion industry are not committed towards achieving operational sustainability (Deloitte, 2013). Therefore, their contribution towards prevention of environmental pollution is limited and such a trend may adversely affect the firm’s long-term survival. Therefore, it is impera tive for fashion firms to be conscious of the environment in order to achieve business continuity. This report outlines a project plan with regard to green fashion. Background -Project description The project entails establishing a new store that will deal with ‘green fashion’. The ‘green fashion’ store will give the consigner a choice of choosing a maximum of 40% profit after selling the clothes. The rest will be donated to charities. If the consigned products are not sold within three months, they will become ‘green fashion’ self-owned products. The store will exclusively deal with women’s apparels. In a bid to protect the environment, the store will deal with second-hand clothes made from environmental friendly materials and recycled cloth materials. Project objectives The project intends to promote eco-friendly business operations within the fashion industry. The store will be based on the concepts of re-cycle, re-use, and re-style ( Garth, 2009). Consequently, the project will promote consumption of high quality ‘green fashion’ products. The store will achieve this end by promoting consumption of second-hand fashion clothes. Moreover, the project intends to encourage consumers to integrate the concept of ‘just enough’ in their purchasing patterns.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scope management Scope management is a critical aspect in project planning processes (Hartley, 2009. Scope management ensures that only the necessary tasks are undertaken hence increasing satisfaction of the target stakeholders (Lau, 2005). The entire project will be subdivided into small and manageable components (Ghuman, 2010). The necessary authorisation such as a license from environmental control agencies in Australia will be sought. Moreover, the input of the project’s sponsor will be sough t. Some of the aspects will be defined in the scope management phase include; The stores design; how the shop will be designed in order to eliminate environmental pollution. Publicising the concept of green fashion amongst consumers Work-breakdown structure The project will be divided into a number of manageable components. However, the project manager will ensure that the various sub-components of the project contribute towards completion of the entire project. A mechanism to measure the success of the entire project will also be incorporated. The chart below illustrates the work-breakdown structure with regard to the ‘Green Fashion’ project. Figure 1: Work-breakdown structure Project assumptions In the process of establishing the Green Fashion Store, the following assumptions will be taken into account. An entrepreneur will undertake the entire process of establishing the store. It is also assumed that the entrepreneur will access the necessary capital from sponso rs and other credit finance institutions in order to establish the store successfully. For the project to succeed, it is assumed that a large number of women will integrate green fashion in their consumption processes. In a bid to attain the desired level of profitability, the project manager assumes that there are sizeable markets to enable the store develop a strong customer base. The project manager assumes that the necessary authorities will approve the store. It is assumed that the project will be completed within the set timeframe. Project constraints A number of risks that emanate from internal and external sources affect projects (Kerzner, 2009).Therefore, it is imperative for project managers to be aware of such risks in order to integrate optimal strategies to avert the risks. The success of the Green Fashion project is likely to be affected by a number of risks as outlined below.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: Green Fashion Sto re specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Budget loss The total budget allocation to the entire project might not be sufficient. Consequently, the likelihood of incurring additional cost is high. Budget loss may affect the firm’s ability to stock the store with sufficient green fashion products. This aspect will limit the number of customers patronising the store. In a bid to minimise the occurrence of budget loss, a clear definition of project requirements will be clearly defined. In a bid to determine the cost of the project effectively, the entrepreneur will use Microsoft Excel and other software that can help in the process of determining cost. Time conflict The process of establishing the Green Fashion Store will consume a substantial amount of time. Poor time allocation may affect the time limit within which the project must be completed. As a result, the likelihood of achieving the set objectives may be affected adversely. The project manager will minimise time conflict by integrating Microsoft Project Server, which is software that aides in effective time management with regard to projects. For example, the software enables the project manager to define critical paths, slack, and slag time effectively (Westland, 2007). Lack of store buy-in The project manager recognises the fact that the project might not receive the intended support from sponsors. For example, external financiers and other sponsors might perceive the project to be a less viable business venture. If this perception occurs, the project might not be started. In a bid to minimise the occurrence of this trend, it will be ensured that the project sponsors and external financiers understand the viability of the business venture, which will be achieved by holding comprehensive discussion with the sponsors on the viability of the business venture. As a result, the likelihood of achieving the necessary support will increase. Additionally, the cu stomers might not understand the concept behind green fashion, which might adversely affect the firm’s sales. In a bid to limit this occurrence, adequate public awareness on green fashion will be conducted.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Project feasibility The project’s feasibility will be evaluated by assessing the commitment of the sponsors towards environmental pollution. Most organisations are investing in various environmental protection programs. Therefore, the likelihood of sponsors being interested in the ‘green fashion’ project is high. The feasibility of the project is also enhanced by the fact that consumers are increasingly becoming conscious of the environment. Kazmi (2008) asserts, â€Å"Eco-friendly products whether in agriculture, clothing, cosmetics, or health are being seen as a better substitute for synthetic products† (p. 81). Additionally, change in consumer behaviour with regard to apparel increases the likelihood of the project’s success. For example, a large number of consumers have many brand-new clothes in their closets that they do not wear. These clothes can be resold as second hand clothes as most consumers are willing to give away such clothes. Project resources and personnel According to Rose (2005), sufficient resources and personnel must be integrated in the project-planning phase. The following aspects will be integrated. In the resource-planning phase, it will be ensured that all the necessary resources such as shop equipments such as furniture and consignment of second-hand women fashion clothes are available. Moreover, the project manager will ensure that adequate and experienced human capital is integrated. According to Nevitt and Fabozzi (2000), the quality of the project team influences the effectiveness and efficiency with which various project activities are executed. Thus, an experienced shop manager with regard to second-hand fashion clothes will be hired. Role Responsibilities The project sponsor Approval of the project Provision of the necessary project guidance Reviewing the progress of the project’s progress Project participants Executing various project activities Identifying possible challen ges that might hinder completion of the project The steering committee Ensuring that funds are allocated effectively Directing the project manager Assessing the project deliverables Chart 1: Key personnel and responsibilities in the project. Project stakeholders Prior to its implementation, the project manage will send the project to a number of stakeholders. One category of stakeholders that will be considered includes the various charity groups that will be identified. The charity groups will aid in the process of generating donations of ‘green fashion’ products. On collecting the fashion products, the consigner will recycle and sell the fashion products. Another category of stakeholders in the establishment of the store includes environmental conservationists and other interest groups. These groups are very passionate about ensuring that businesses operate in an environmental sustainable manner to minimise environmental pollution. Considering the fact the project intends to promote consumption of ‘green fashion’, the firm will ensure that its products are fairly priced. This move will play a significant role in ensuring that the target customer group purchases the trendy fashion items that the firm will be dealing with. Thus, the project will promote the creation of job opportunities in addition to promoting green culture that advocates for eco-friendly consumption habits. Time management Estimating the timeframe within which the expected project deliverables should be expected is critical in preventing cost escalation due to various internal and external factors. This aspect underscores the importance of effective time management in project management processes. In the process of establishing the Green Fashion Store, the project manager will ensure that activities are defined clearly with regard to the expected duration to completion, which will be achieved by integrating the concept of scheduling. The project manager w ill ensure that the scheduled tasks are started when the predecessor’s tasks are completed. On completion of the set tasks, the project manager will evaluate whether all the tasks are linked. In a bid to manage time effectively, the manager will integrate the concept of critical path method. The process of establishing the store is expected to take 3 months. The Gnatt Chart below outlines the activities that will be undertaken in the process of establishing the store. Chart 2: Gnatt chart showing the project’s time management Promoting charity The firm will be committed towards promoting charity in the consumers’ consumption processes. The firm will achieve this goal by adopting the concept of Group Consign, which entails a door-to-door registration. Through this strategy, the firm will be in a position to collect fashion product from different parts within Melbourne. However, the firm will ensure that only consignments above 100 pieces are collected. All donat ions will be collected in from the firm’s corporate office. As a result, the firm will promote charity and ‘green fashion’. In a bid to create sufficient market awareness, a comprehensive communication plan will be adopted. The communication plan will aim at creating awareness to a sizeable market. The communication plan will be comprised of diverse market communication methods such as advertising. Different advertising platforms such as television, radio, and social media will be used in creating awareness, which will increase the number of consumers willing to donate the clothes that they do not wear. As a result, the firm will be in a position to attain the large volume of consignment required to start the business. Project cost Substantial cost is incurred in the process of implementing a project (Taylor, 2008).To successfully determine the cost of establishing the fashion store, the concepts of cost estimation, cost budgeting, and cost control will be incorp orated as illustrated in chart 3 below. Cost item Amount Cost of establishing the store AUS$3,000 Monthly cost of operating the store AUS$8,000 Cost of promotion AUS$10, 0000 Total estimated budget required to establish the project. AUS $21,000 Reference List Cervellon, M., Hjerth, H., Richard, S., Carey, L. (2009). Green fashion: an  exploratory national differences in consumers concern for eco-fashion. Monaco, France: International University of Monaco. Deloitte. (2013). Fashioning sustainability. Web. Garth, J. (2009). 1000 ideas for creative re-use: re-make, restyle, recycle, renew. Beverly, MA: Quarry Books. Ghuman, K. (2010). Management: concepts, practice, and cases. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill. Hartley, S. (2009). Project management. Principles, processes, and practice. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education. Kazmi, A. (2008). Strategic management and business policy. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Kerzner, H. (2009). Project management a systems approach to planning,  scheduling and controlling. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Lau, L. (2005). Managing business with SAP: planning, implementation and  Valuation. Hershey, PA: Idea Group. Nevitt, P., Fabozzi, F. (2000). Project financing. London, UK: EuroMoney Publications. Rose, K. (2005). Project quality management; why, what and how. Florida, FL: Ross Publication. Taylor, J. (2008). Project scheduling and cost control: planning, monitoring and  controlling the baseline. Fort, Lauderdale, FL: Ross Publication. Westland, J. (2007). The project management lifecycle: a complete step-by-step  methodology for initiating, planning, executing and closing a project successfully. London, UK: Kogan Page. This essay on Project Management: Green Fashion Store was written and submitted by user Hulkl1ng to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gun Control Essays (498 words) - Gun Politics, Firearms, Gun Control

Gun Control Essays (498 words) - Gun Politics, Firearms, Gun Control Gun Control Gun Control Since the days of the pioneers of the United States, firearms have been part of the American tradition as protection and a means of hunting or sport. As we near the end of the 20th century the use of guns has changed significantly. Because of fast and steady increase in crime and the fight for the right to own a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control, to try to reduce the crime in the United States, has been a hotly debated issue in recent years. Although many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people, given in the second amendment the right to bear arms, controlling distribution and sales and the registration of guns and gun owners is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns and the violence by criminals using guns. Many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people given in the second amendment the right to bear arms. Opponents of gun control, including the National Rifle Association, better known as the NRA, argue that the right To bear arms is guaranteed in the second amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America and licensing restrictions penalize law-abiding citizens while in no way preventing criminal use of handguns. It is also argued that by making it difficult for guns to be bought and registered for the American public there is a threat to the personal safety of American families everywhere. However controlling the sale and distribution of firearms is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns. In 1988 there were 9000 handgun related murders in America. Metropolitan centers and some suburban communities of America are setting new records for homicides by handguns. Larger Metropolitan centers have ten times the murder rate of all Western Europe. For example in Washington,D.C. there was an estimated 400 homicides including guns. In addition gun control has been seen as necessary because of the violence by criminals using guns. Gun control is wrapped in a series of social issues such as crime and drugs. Guns have become closely linked to drugs and murder in the public mind. Drug dealing and high tech weaponry have escalated the warfare in cities between long established loosely knit gangs. Predominantly guns of crime are used by gang members. Many police officers are killed every year due to drug and gang related incidents involving guns. For example in 1988 on February 26 rookie New York City police officer Edward Byre was sitting alone in his police car guarding the house of a drug trial witness in South Jamaica, Queens where he was shot four times in the head and killed. In conclusion there are valid reasons for why certain people feel that gun control is unfair. People against gun control feel that it is a violation of the Constitution to control the sale and distribution and the registration of guns and gun owners. But it is necessary for there to be certain limits on the way that firearms are handled in this country because of the homicide rate involving guns and because of the violence created by criminals using guns. If gun control legislation were to go through there would be a significant decline in gun related crimes and fatalities.

Birmingham International Airport

Everyday around 5. 00 p. m. , in an interval of 30 minutes, around 20 flights land and depart from the Eurohub Terminal. At the same time, in the Main Terminal(next to the Eurohub), air-craft will arrive and leave. There are 7000 staffs from 150 organizations works there in all the departments, such as baggage handling, ground crews, airline’s ticketing staffs, and information desk. All these activities are coordinated by BIA’s Operating Director, Richard Heard. He explains his role as an Operating Director where he have to oversee about 600 employees from the total. not only that he have to manage the terminal buildings and other facilities. Not only that, he have to provide infrastructure for all the other organizations and provide leadership and coordination’s for them. He elaborate more about the real secret of managing operations. There are many secret for that. For example, work together as a team and built up a strong community spirit. Moreover, we must make sure to have a really good processes and procedures in place. Another key is operational planning where its about making the operation as efficient as possible. Like all other airport, BIA also usually ends up with some minor problems. But all these problems are settled by the terminal manager. Terminal manager need to keep their ears and eyes open all the time. They also have to deal with major incidents such as bomb threats, stranded passengers. Their real job is to sort it all out and make sure everyone knows what is happening. BIA’s mission is the be the best regional airport in Europe. To achieve this state, they need to improve everything that they do. For example, try to encourage other airlines to fill in the off-peak times. Running an airport is an exciting and magnificent challenge because can make a real difference to their customers and making a major contribution to the impact on the local economy.

Construction of Hong Kong International Airport Assignment

Construction of Hong Kong International Airport - Assignment Example The 1984 Declaration also stated that British rule over Hong Kong was to end in July 1, 1997. Meanwhile, firstly, Hong Kong Airport was under pressure as it became smaller and difficult to handle the increasing number of people and cargo (Perren, 2005: 1). Secondly, the rapid increase of Hong Kong’s population made it a dense city, and thirdly, residential houses were constructed next to the Kai Tak airport, which was very risky to the population. The above issues instigated the need of constructing a new airport in Hong Kong. David Wilson, Hong Kong’s British governor, came up with an idea of building an airport before the 99-year land lease ended in 1997. The new Hong Kong International Airport, at Chep Lap Kok, was to be constructed on an artificial island after the flattening of Chep Lap Kok and Lam Chau Islands. The construction of this airport called for support from the UK and Chinese governments as both governments signed a memorandum of understanding that estab lished the parameters of control of the construction of the airport. The airport came into existence after the investment of more than $20 billion USD in the construction. In overall, the whole project comprised constructing large tunnels, a high-speed rail system, new superhighways, suspension bridges, cargo and freight terminals and the airport. The construction of the airport started in 1991, and it was officially opened in 1998 (Craig, 1998: 98). The stakeholders and their success The major stakeholders during the construction of the new Hong Kong International Airport were the governments of Britain, China and Hong Kong. Firstly, the British government was involved because Hong Kong was a British territory. Secondly, the Chinese government was involved because Hong Kong was to fall under the authority of the Chinese government after the expiry of the lease, and thirdly, Hong Kong was involved since it was the local government. Conflict of interest ensued among the stakeholders because of future social, political and economic benefits. However, tension among the stakeholders was cooled down after the signing of the memorandum of understanding in 1991 by the British and Chinese governments. The bodies that were charged with the task of supervising the construction of the new airport were: The Sino-British Airport Committee Board and the Provisional Airport Authority. In essence, the airport’s financial and policy framework was negotiated by the Sino-British Airport Committee Board while the design and development of the whole project was overseen by the Provisional Airport Authority. Additionally, the Provisional Airport Authority had the objective of financing and delivering the following complete infrastructures: the tunnels, bridges, cargo and freight terminals, railway connection and the airport (Annual Report 2009/10, 2009: 47). The stakeholders who were involved in the construction of the new Hong Kong International Airport managed to drive the project into a major success. Firstly, the success of the project was seen when the two governments of UK and China signed a memorandum of understanding that ensured the construction of the airport. Secondly, the memorandum of understanding by the two governments ensured a smooth transition of Hong Kong after the 99-year lease expired in 1997. Thirdly, the

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 9

Business law - Essay Example This piece of research work is an attempt to analyze the changes brought by Human Rights Act in English law. This paper discusses the influences of Human Rights Act on business environment based on sources of English law and European Court of Human Right cases. Chandler and Waud (2003) stated that The Human Rights Act 1998 gives ‘further effect’ to the rights and freedom that are guaranteed to all citizens by European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom. More specifically, it doesn’t form or create any new statutory or law rights. It imposes duties on public authorities to act in any possible way that is compatible with Convention right (p. 419). The Human rights Act also imposes duty on tribunal to consider any relevant decision or advisory opinion of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) when determining issues in connection with convention right. According to the Act, it is unlawful for any public body to act in any way which is not compatible with Convention rights. The Act also requires UK judges to consider decisions of the Strasbourg court and also to consider legislation as long as it is compatible with Convention Rights. The Human Rights Act is applicable to all public bodies in the United Kingdom like central government and local authorities. It has greater influence on private law legislation as well. The Human Rights Act places duties on all courts and tribunals within the United Kingdom in order to interpret legislation in way that is compatible with ECHR. Whenever it is not possible to interpret an act in accordance with Convention, a declaration of the same must be issued by the court under section 4 and it must state how the legislation breaches human rights. It is illegal for a public authority to act in a way that contravene convention right and therefore public authority includes any other person who functions in functions of a public nature. Betten (1999) emphasizes that the passing of Human

The Charge of the Light Brigade with Dulce ET Decorum Est Essay Example for Free

The Charge of the Light Brigade with Dulce ET Decorum Est Essay The Charge of the Light Brigade is written by Lord Alfred Tennyson and describes the tragedy of six hundred heroic men on 25 October 1854.. We get the impression it was an Officer of high rank who relayed this story to the poet due to the constant detailed strategy. The second poem, Dulce et Decorum Est, is written by Wilfred Owen, detailing a scene from World War 1. This poem details the cruel suffering these heroic men experienced seen through the eyes of the Commanding Officer on scene. There are 60 years between these two poems which is immediately obvious with cannons and sabres in The Charge of the Light Brigade and the use of gas in Dulce et Decorum Est. Although these two poems are 60 years apart, the horrors and tragedies are similar but it is the poets who paint them in different colours. Lord Alfred Tennyson paints his poem in radiant colours with shining brass as this elite British cavalry force attempt to recapture the guns. They are proudly and heroically charging as a unit Flashed all their sabres bare into a situation that we, the reader, know can only end in tragedy and suffering. Wilfred Owens palette consists of the more murky colours of mud and blood running into each other detailing the actual suffering of the individual soldiers as it happens. There is a fast, charging pace in Lord Tennysons poem with a rhythmic beat which helps set the scene. In contrast, Wilfred Owens poem is more descriptive and slow in pace which helps the reader to understand the suffering of the individuals. The Charge of the Light Brigade is based on a episode of the Crimean War which took place on the 25 October 1854. The Light Brigade was an elite British cavalry force, made up of 630 men and horses, who were ordered to recapture the Turkish guns at the head of a valley. These guns had been captured by the Russians who had launched an attack on Balaclava, the Allied base. The inspiration behind this poem were three words written by The Times correspondent, W.H. Russell when informing that this ill fated attack was because Someone had blundered. According to Tennysons son, a few minutes after reading this editorial where this phrase occurred, this poem was born. Lord Alfred Tennyson was much admired by Queen Victoria, and was made poet Laureate. This made him the official state poet; therefore, he would record National events through his poetry. Although this poem also records tragedy and failure it emphasises true courage and bravery, which can only strengthen the admiration and respect from the reader for these ill-fated heroes. This heroism also reinforces patriotism within the population creating more unity. The deaths of these men were not in vain; they died for their Country, this is what makes them heroes. Verse one is setting the scene. It immediately starts with Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death Tennyson is setting the pace at a gallop. He also creates the feeling of an adrenaline rush. The repetition creates this effect with its rhythmic meter. There is the biblical and symbolic reference to the Valley of Death which tells the reader that these soldiers are being sent like lambs to the slaughter dying for their country. This immediately creates dramatic tension. Tennyson writes this poem in the third person, which tells the reader that he is not actually there this is indicated when he writes Charge for the guns! he said; Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. These three lines outline the objective of the Light Brigade, emphasising their fate with repetition of the biblical symbolism and finally reminding the reader, again with repetition, the number of men involved. These three lines create tremendous dramatic tension by reiterating the futility of this exercise. In verse two Tennyson increases the dramatic tension one hundred fold. He asks the rhetorical question Was there a man dismayed? which is, in effect, emphasising how brave the Light Brigade were. He continues to say Not though the soldier knew Someone had blundered: Here is the thunder bolt these men are risking their lives due to an error. This is the only time the error is mentioned, almost as if it was an incidental part of the battle. Tennyson has taken these three words, Someone had blundered as a direct quote from W.H. Russells editorial in The Times. These are the three words that had such a powerful effect on Tennyson himself. He doesnt expand on the error or point the finger of blame, he simply states the fact. It is in these two lines that the reader senses an element of fear. However, fear is never an issue with the Light Brigade themselves. After this shock declaration, Tennyson reminds the reader of the galloping, adrenalin charged pace when he writes Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die: These three lines also very simply emphasise not only how disciplined these brave men and horses were but also their total trust in their Commanding Officers and masters respectively. Verse three depicts the Light Brigade as victims charging into an ambush. It begins with the galloping effect, this time illustrating the actual danger this elite force is charging into. Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them Cannon in front of them These three lines give an onomatopoeic effect of anticipation, adrenalin rising, hearts beating harder as they continue their charge. Tennyson fuels this tension further when he writes Volleyed and thundered; Stormed at with shot and shell, Boldly they rode and well, Here Tennyson uses alliteration creating the whistling effect of flying shells. This Unit is surrounded on three sides and are under attack but they continue courageously with their assignment. Tennyson reminds us of their fate, again using biblical symbolism when he writes Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell This is very descriptive writing, Jaws describing the three sides of ambush and waiting to eat these innocent souls. Again, biblical reference is emphasised by the personification of Hell in the form of this erroneous valley. Rode the six hundred is the last time the Light Brigade are referred to as a complete live unit. This is relevant as it tells the reader not one of these heroic soldiers retreated but continued as one fighting force. Verse four now depicts the Light Brigade as an attacking force, charging enemy lines. The verse starts with Flashed all their sabres bare, Flashed as they turned in air Sabring the gunners there The galloping and adrenalin fuelled pace is maintained, with the adrenalin running at an all time high. These men are reacting to adversity from close quarters. These lines are also onomatopoeic, giving the swishing, cutting motion of metal through air and flesh. Charging an army, while All the world wondered: This confirms the Light Brigade are still as one even against great adversity, striving to achieve their goal. The world is in great admiration for this elite force, perhaps speculatively holding their breath for the end result. Plunged in the battery smoke Right through the line they broke This rhyming couplet emphasises the galloping and adrenalin charged pace from the first three lines of this verse. This displays the true grit and determination of these valiant men and their steeds. Even through their impaired vision (due to heavy gun fire which would also sting their eyes) the remainder of this elite force managed to break the enemy line and continue their fearless attack from close quarters. Reeled from the sabre stroke Shattered and sundered This details alliteratively the slashed destruction this brave unit dealt on the enemy. Then they rode back, but not Not the six hundred. The Light Brigade is now divided, incomplete this is emphasised by the repetitive use of the word Not. Death is not mentioned it doesnt need to be mentioned. Verse five recounts the aftermath. It is almost a reflection of Verse three, accept this time the Cannon behind them. The galloping effect continues with the remaining unit returning to base. A further variation is shown when Tennyson writes While horse and hero fell, They that had fought so well He reminds the reader that this unit was not just a team of heroic men but also their courageous steeds. All that was left of them, Left of six hundred. No number is specified here, but the poet implies very few soldiers and horses survived this onslaught. He allows the reader to decide how few they think may have survived. Finally verse six is a salutation to this incredibly brave, elite force. He opens this verse with the rhetorical question, When can their glory fade? O the wild charge they made He is telling us that this unit will never be forgotten because of their extreme bravery and heroism. Honour the charge they made! Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred! Here, Tennyson is instructing the reader to respect this heroic Force and their courageous efforts. This is emphasised by the repetition of honour and use of exclamation marks. This is an anthem glorifying their name and memory of a truly patriotic elite Force. This poem creates a sense of urgency and determination. He repeatedly creates a galloping pace with a sense of purpose. There is no deviation from this purpose even when the Light Brigade are faced with great adversity. The poets clever use of word repetition combined with the rhythmic meter arouses the readers emotions. Verse one sets the scene and the pace. Tennyson still manages to create a sense of foreboding with his biblical symbolism of the valley of Death. Although there is this sense of foreboding, the Light Brigade have a duty to carry out the orders of their Commanding Officers. It is in the second verse when the readers emotions begin to ride high. It is when the reader is informed Not though the soldier knew Someone had blundered: Frustration is now felt because the reader now realises the doomed fate of this elite force is down to one persons mistake. We are aware of this unit charging into the wrong valley knowing that it can only end in tragedy. This almost makes the reader want to give up. It is Tennysons clever galloping pace that pushes the reader on into this massacre. Verse three shows the Light Brigade being swallowed Into the jaws of Death quite literally as they are surrounded in a jaw like fashion with Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them This is extremely descriptive and leaves the reader with the impression that there will be no survivors, as the enemy does not need hand to hand combat to slay the Brigade as they have cannon power. However, Tennyson pushes us forward in verse four by turning the tables and making the Light Brigade become the assailants. As a reader this particular verse gives me a feeling of total admiration. Here is an elite Force faced with an impossible situation. They could have retreated and no one would of blamed them for doing so, but no, without question they continue with even more grit and determination. It is this action that makes them heroes. They are representing us as a nation and are proving to the enemy that we run from no one and are not afraid to stare Death in the eye. Even more to their credit, this elite Force slash their way through the enemy lines leaving bodies in their wake. It could be said that the Light Brigade is symbolic of our country in stature both being small. However, the Light Brigade, like our Country, is a Force to be reckoned with. It is in this verse that patriotism is at an all time high. Not only has this Force continued its challenge but has managed to come through the other side as victors leaving their mark. Tennyson continues with the galloping pace in verse five, echoing the words of verse three with slight variation. As a reader I feel quite exhausted (as obviously the surviving soldiers were) but the galloping speed is maintained until safety is reached. The final verse, although brief, is praise for this heroic Light Brigade. There are not enough words to describe these courageous men and their steeds, so Tennyson has kept it simple but authoritative when he says Honour the charge they made! Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred! These simple words create tremendous pride and make you feel that they should be shouted for the entire world to hear. These men are an inspiration to us all. Dulce ET Decorum Est is a poem from 1914-1918 World War One. This poem is actually from 1915 to 1916. The poet, Wilfred Owen, was a Commanding Officer and he actually witnessed the true horror of war. Unfortunately, during this war the weaponry became more advanced and deadly. Chemical warfare was the new weapon. This was a perfect weapon for cowards as the poisonous gas could be released from cylinders or fired in shells five-miles away. The enemy had the satisfaction of knowing that they could cause maximum suffering before death without having to witness it. The suffering from these gases wasnt just from the lungs and eyes but also the visual appearance of the victims was like something from a horror film. The skin would turn greenish black and yellow, tongue protruding with the eyes becoming a glassy stare. In addition to this the victim would be coughing up greenish froth. The stimulation for Owen to write this poem was to share the true horror of this chemical war. To report death as a statistic is one thing but to describe the actual suffering these men had to endure before their release by death is something that needed to be told. In those days it was more likely a poet, especially one commanding a group of men, would be more likely to write in criticism of the horrors of modern warfare. Understandably, they would see the gruesome and painful death as an unnecessary horror. It was futile to allow people to experience such painful death when the enemy wouldnt be near enough to enjoy the the pleasure. In contrast, the Charge of the Light Brigade was close quarter fighting. The enemy still needed to have the Light Brigade in their sights before firing the cannons. The sole concern was to kill as many of the elite force as possible. Unfortunately in World War One, it appears suffering was the main aim. The main thing to bear in mind is that these soldiers werent just rank numbers to the Commanding Officers, they were family. These men very closely together shared all different kinds of emotion. For a Commanding Officer to see one of his men suffer so horrifically and slowly would be like watching his own brother or son. He would equally suffer the torture from frustration of not being able to help or relieve the pain. It could be said this poet suffered from World War One stress disorder as he continued to suffer nightmares after experiencing one of these chemical attacks. In contrast to The Charge of the Light Brigade, there is no glorification of war in this poem. In fact, Wilfred Owen dares to end his poem The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori On reading this poem I have to agree. The first verse immediately tells us that the poet is there(unlike Tennyson, whose contact with war was by reading The Times), by his use of first person when he writes we cursed through sludge we turned our backs In contrast to the Charge of the Light Brigade the descriptions of the soldiers are very detailed, allowing the reader to share their agony. Owen effectively uses many similes to paint his picture, for example Ben double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock- Kneed, coughing like hags This is extremely descriptive of the young men returning from the frontline, appearing more like old vagrants than young brave soldiers. This verse emphasises the exhaustion of these men we began to trudge. Men marched asleep All went lame, all blind Drunk with fatigue; death even to the hoots Of tired, outstripped five-nines that dropped behind. Owen cleverly describes the five-nines as also being tired, which unfortunately means impending death. The second verse immediately begins with direct speech order Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!. These four words are extremely informative. The first word Gas! is spoken like a reaction. The second word GAS! shows recognition of the true danger. Quick, boys! depicts the urgency for his men to protect themselves. Notice he uses the word boys and not men, this indicates familiarity and passion. Owen continues to detail how awkward these gas masks were to put on when he says Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time But someone still was yelling out and stumbling. The reader experiences the panic and frustration these tired men go through when trying to secure their life saving devices. We are now introduced to the real graphic horror of a chemical attack when Owen tells us through the thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. This indicates how quick the chemicals kick into action and how thick and smothering it is. The third verse consists of only two lines In all my dreams before my helpless sight He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. Here is the indication that the poet is suffering from World War One stress disorder. His horrific experience of witnessing on of his boys die such a horrible death returns to haunt him. You can feel his frustration when he says my helpless sight, knowing he is unable to help this soldier. guttering is symbolic to this soldiers spark of life being extinguished due to drowning under a green sea of poisonous gas. In contrast, there was no mention of suffering or death in the Charge of the Light Brigade. The fourth and final verse explodes the myth it is sweet and fitting to die for your country. Owen asks the reader if they would send their children to honourably die for their country if they knew they would die such a slow gory death. His use of adjectives are powerful as he describes white eyes writhing in his face His hanging face As if this is not enough of a description he continues, like Tennyson, with the simile, using biblical symbolism. like a devils sick of sin. This gives the imagery of how evil war is and is the creation of mankinds sin. Owen continues with the satanic imagery when he refers to gargling from the froth corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues This imagery depicts an innocent man possessed, perhaps by the devil himself, as he dies a slow and torturous death. This could be symbolic of Christ himself taking on the sins of the world when he was crucified he also died a slow and torturous death. Owen powerfully ends this tortured poem My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory The old Lie, Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. The poet is talking directly to the reader and is making the reader rethink his or her own beliefs. He is clever because he isnt asking if the reader would suffer such death for their country but if the reader could allow their child to suffer such a death. He explodes the myth by referring to the well known military motto as an old Lie. Owens graphic descriptions of the exhausted soldiers returning from the frontline create a feeling of sympathy for me. These men fought their war and are returning to safety. Many are injured but limped on, blood-shod. Like Tennyson, Owen quietly drops the proverbial bombshell when he says deaf even to the hoots Of tired, outstripped five-nines that dropped behind. For me this creates the feeling of despair for these poor men, as they now have to continue their fight for survival from the unseen enemy. (Tennysons quiet bombshell was Someone had blundered thus making the mission futile.) Hope evaporates as quickly as the poisonous gas spreads when I realise there is one soldier who was just to slow to secure his gas mask. As if thats not enough Owen continues in graphic detail to describe the suffering of this innocent soul. He uses strong words such as guttering, choking, drowning, writhing and hanging. This is extremely powerful writing as it gives me the impression this man is dying many deaths. As I continue reading this poem my sympathy also turns to the poet himself. To witness this horror once is bad enough, but this poor man has to relive it every time he goes to sleep. I can understand his bitterness to war, and after reading this I share his view. This man bravely makes a stand against an age old myth and questions it. It is because of men like Wilfred Owen, who detail the true, visual horror of war that changes and new laws can be made. After World War One chemical warfare was banned by The Geneva Convention and fortunately still stands today. If it wasnt for people like Wilfred Owen, who knows what sorry state our World would be in today. Although I have witnessed this soldiers death through the eyes of his Commanding Officer, I believe he didnt die for his country he died to save the World. There are two main differences between these two poems. They are, firstly, glorification of war (The Charge of the Light Brigade) and the abhorrence of war (Dulce Et Decorum Est). Secondly, the person these poems are written in. Tennyson obtained his details of this war from The Times editorial. However, Wilfred Owen was actually present during the chemical attack. There is a sixty-year gap between these two poems and, therefore the customs and beliefs are different. Tennyson is from the old school, glorifying war, depicting it as action packed, but never mentioning death. Owen, in contrast, concentrates on the suffering of the soldiers as opposed to their heroic deeds. There is futility in both poems but of a different nature. In the Charge of the Light Brigade the mission, itself, is made futile by one human error. However, in Dulce et Decorum est the futility is in the extreme suffering of one man never to be witnessed by the enemy who dealt this heinous blow. Both poets however, refuse to let this futility go unrecognised. Tennyson instructs the reader to honour this noble elite Force who broke enemy lines against great adversity. In contrast Owen instructs the reader to reconsider the old belief of willingly dying for your country. Both these poems have contrasting powerful messages and both are right. I try to imagine it was my great grandfather who died in the Charge of the Light Brigade. On reading this poem it would reassure me that he had not died in vain and had in fact died a hero. Equally, I try to imagine it is my great Uncle who is dying a slow agonising death in Dulce et Decorum est. Although painful to read, again he has not died in vain because the World has been made to share his experience and it never wants that experience again. In effect, it could be said that the Light Brigade as a unit and the chemical infested soldier are representative of Christ in their own ways. The Light Brigade representing Christ fighting the good fight against all odds and achieving their objective (seizing the guns albeit the wrong ones). The dying soldier representing Christ dying for our sins on the cross.

Abortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity :: essays papers

Abortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity Every year in Canada, over 100 000 murders never reach the courtroom.1 They never reach the courtroom because they are completely legal. Abortion continues to grow across the world, hurting and killing children, as well as their mothers. Abortion is immoral, harmful, and actions must be taken to stop it. When a woman aborts, she is not only killing her child but is also harming herself. Legal abortion is the fifth leading cause of maternal death.2 Ten percent of women undergoing abortion suffer immediate complications, and one fifth of those are consid ered life threatening.3 Teenage aborters are at an even higher risk.4 These serious conditions include infection, embolisms, convulsions, hemorrhage, and endotoxic poisoning.5 By having an abortion, a woman doubles her chances of getting breast or cerv ical cancer. Every consequent abortion increases these chances.6 Physical damage, however, is merely the beginning. Aborted mothers will also suffer many psychological effects as well. These include nightmares, hysterical outbreaks, feelings of immense guilt, and fear of punishment from God.7 In fact, aborted women visit doctors for psychosocial reasons 180% more than other women.8 Abortion may seem like a quick fix at the time, but there can be many and harsh consequenc! es. Yet even if a mother is willing to accept the consequences, she is taking away a human life. Purely biologically speaking, it is undeniable that a fetus is a human, and an individual. at the moment of conception, the fetus has a DNA that is different from his or her mother. By three weeks, the baby's heart is pumping its own circulatory system with a blood type different from its mother.9 Doctors measure the end of life by brain death. It is then reasonable to say that the beginning of life should be at least measured by the beginning of brain life. By six weeks, an unborn baby's brain waves can be recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG).10 Between six and seven weeks, the unborn baby will respond to external stimuli, such as touching his or her face.11 While many people believe that a fetus is merely a mass of flesh, and is not nearly as complex as a human, this is completely untrue. By eight weeks, all of the body systems are present, and by eleven weeks, still i! n the first trimester, all of those body systems are functional.12 In fact, the body of an unborn baby is more complex than Abortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity :: essays papers Abortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity Every year in Canada, over 100 000 murders never reach the courtroom.1 They never reach the courtroom because they are completely legal. Abortion continues to grow across the world, hurting and killing children, as well as their mothers. Abortion is immoral, harmful, and actions must be taken to stop it. When a woman aborts, she is not only killing her child but is also harming herself. Legal abortion is the fifth leading cause of maternal death.2 Ten percent of women undergoing abortion suffer immediate complications, and one fifth of those are consid ered life threatening.3 Teenage aborters are at an even higher risk.4 These serious conditions include infection, embolisms, convulsions, hemorrhage, and endotoxic poisoning.5 By having an abortion, a woman doubles her chances of getting breast or cerv ical cancer. Every consequent abortion increases these chances.6 Physical damage, however, is merely the beginning. Aborted mothers will also suffer many psychological effects as well. These include nightmares, hysterical outbreaks, feelings of immense guilt, and fear of punishment from God.7 In fact, aborted women visit doctors for psychosocial reasons 180% more than other women.8 Abortion may seem like a quick fix at the time, but there can be many and harsh consequenc! es. Yet even if a mother is willing to accept the consequences, she is taking away a human life. Purely biologically speaking, it is undeniable that a fetus is a human, and an individual. at the moment of conception, the fetus has a DNA that is different from his or her mother. By three weeks, the baby's heart is pumping its own circulatory system with a blood type different from its mother.9 Doctors measure the end of life by brain death. It is then reasonable to say that the beginning of life should be at least measured by the beginning of brain life. By six weeks, an unborn baby's brain waves can be recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG).10 Between six and seven weeks, the unborn baby will respond to external stimuli, such as touching his or her face.11 While many people believe that a fetus is merely a mass of flesh, and is not nearly as complex as a human, this is completely untrue. By eight weeks, all of the body systems are present, and by eleven weeks, still i! n the first trimester, all of those body systems are functional.12 In fact, the body of an unborn baby is more complex than Abortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity :: essays papers Abortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity Every year in Canada, over 100 000 murders never reach the courtroom.1 They never reach the courtroom because they are completely legal. Abortion continues to grow across the world, hurting and killing children, as well as their mothers. Abortion is immoral, harmful, and actions must be taken to stop it. When a woman aborts, she is not only killing her child but is also harming herself. Legal abortion is the fifth leading cause of maternal death.2 Ten percent of women undergoing abortion suffer immediate complications, and one fifth of those are consid ered life threatening.3 Teenage aborters are at an even higher risk.4 These serious conditions include infection, embolisms, convulsions, hemorrhage, and endotoxic poisoning.5 By having an abortion, a woman doubles her chances of getting breast or cerv ical cancer. Every consequent abortion increases these chances.6 Physical damage, however, is merely the beginning. Aborted mothers will also suffer many psychological effects as well. These include nightmares, hysterical outbreaks, feelings of immense guilt, and fear of punishment from God.7 In fact, aborted women visit doctors for psychosocial reasons 180% more than other women.8 Abortion may seem like a quick fix at the time, but there can be many and harsh consequenc! es. Yet even if a mother is willing to accept the consequences, she is taking away a human life. Purely biologically speaking, it is undeniable that a fetus is a human, and an individual. at the moment of conception, the fetus has a DNA that is different from his or her mother. By three weeks, the baby's heart is pumping its own circulatory system with a blood type different from its mother.9 Doctors measure the end of life by brain death. It is then reasonable to say that the beginning of life should be at least measured by the beginning of brain life. By six weeks, an unborn baby's brain waves can be recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG).10 Between six and seven weeks, the unborn baby will respond to external stimuli, such as touching his or her face.11 While many people believe that a fetus is merely a mass of flesh, and is not nearly as complex as a human, this is completely untrue. By eight weeks, all of the body systems are present, and by eleven weeks, still i! n the first trimester, all of those body systems are functional.12 In fact, the body of an unborn baby is more complex than

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Essay

By Gregg Keizer Courtesy of TechWeb News Even as spyware has become a dirty word and users have been bombarded with stories its pervasive,pernicious nature,criminals have dramatically expanded their distribution chhanels and infected and overwhelming majority of enterprise PCs anti-spyware vendor webroot said tuesday as it rolled out its latest stats. The number of malicious sites hosting spyware has quadrupled sense the star of the year,siad Richard Stienon, Webroot’s director of treats research, and now number over 300,000 URLs On average,enterprise PCs have 27 pieces of spyware on their hard drives,a 19 percent encrease in the last quarter alone,while a whopping 80 percent of corporate computer host at least on one instant of unwanted software,whether that’s adware,spyware,or trojan horse. â€Å"The actual maliciousness of it is increasing,†said Stienon. â€Å"there’ssimply more malicious activity per piece of spyware.They’re not satisfied with making their seven cent a click by flooding systems with adware ;now they’re focussing on identity theft,sometimes from within an organization spyware’s is being used by insiders,insane hack their employer or boss.† ll.do the following instruction and write your answer on space provided 1.Press Ctrl+A What happened? The all words that im typing is highlightened. 2.be sure nothing is selected.using the muose,in the first paragraph,select or highlight with out losing the selection,hold the Ctrl key and highlight the other â€Å"spyware†words on the first paragraph. What happened? 3.Position the cursor at the very start of a paragraph.hold the Ctrl+shift key then press the right arrow key 3 or more times. What happened? 4.position the cursor anywhere in the first paragraph.hold the shift key and click anywhere in the 3 paragraph. What happened? 5.position the cursor anywhere in the first paragraph.hold the shift key and click on arrow key 3 or more times. What happened?

Brain And Behavior

I believe that human emotion is determined by the â€Å"hard wiring† of the brain. One good example is the criminal intent of particular individuals. It is actually interesting to know that anthropological research data shows that violence is an inherent conduct among the primate species (Walker, 2001). In society, criminal violence is a common occurrence and legislators have suggested that the behavior of criminals be analyzed in order to identify any psychological patterns that are consistent among these particular types of individuals.In the past few decades, neurobiologists have proposed that an individual’s condition, which encompasses empathy, morality and free will, is holistically influenced by the frequency of stimulation and assembly of the neurons of an individual. Such notion is contradictory to the concept of Cartesian dualism, which states that the brain and the mind are two independent entities that coordinate with each other.To date, the accumulation of research reports from the field of neuroscience is gradually affecting the concepts and effectivity of the justice system because of the shifting in the concept of human behavior and response to different stimuli. Neuroscience has influenced our current understanding of the multiple factors that govern violent behavior among criminals. The 19th century classic report of Phineas Gage regarding the anti-social behavior that emerged after massive damage of the prefrontal cortex of his brain from a railroad accident is now considered as the birth of the field of forensic neurology (Harlow, 1848).Today, computerized imaging of his fractured skull has shown that the autonomic and social nerve systems are the specific damages that were affected, thus resulting in a totally different individual. Such observation, together with research results gathered from war veterans, has led to the conclusion that violent criminal behavior is caused by injuries to the frontal lobe of the brain. It has t hen been proposed that injury to the prefrontal cortex of the brain causes a condition that has been coined as acquired sociopathy or pseudopsychopath (Blair and Cipolotti, 2000).It is interesting to know that there is an 11% reduction in the size of the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex among patients diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder (APD) (Raine et al. , 2000). A related observation has also been observed between intelligence and alterations in the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex. The temporal lobe of the brain has also been determined to influence an individual’s emotional response and aggression, wherein lesions in the amygdale of the temporal lobe result in an individual’s failure to recognize fear and sadness among the faces of other people (van Elst et al. , 2001).The connection between the decreased expression of the monoamine oxidase A enzyme and reactive violence has already been established (Caspi et al. , 2002). Monoamine oxidase A is responsible for the catabolism of monoamines such as serotonin (5-HT). The working hypothesis currently accepted is that the prefrontal-amygdala connection is altered, resulting in a dysfunctional aggressive and violent behavior, resulting in criminality in particular individuals. The self-control theory as proposed by Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) couples an argument regarding the driving force behind criminality and the features of a criminal act.Gottfredson and Hirschi contend that crime is similar to other out of control and unlawful actions such as alcoholism and smoking because it generates in an individual a temporary yet immediate feeling of gratification. This kind of action is created by a condition that is characterized by low self-control. The authors claim that the condition of having poor self-control is an innate condition that is set in place during the early childhood at around 7 or 8 years of age. In relation to the mechanism behind criminality, the authors expla in that crime is a straightforward action to results in gratification in an individual.Such perception of crime is associated with a number of implications to the general theory of crime. Firstly, the general theory of crime presents that crime is an uncomplicated action that does not need any strategic preparation or intricate knowledge. Secondly, the general theory of crime is related to a number of elements that are included in the theory of routine activities because just like other uncontrolled acts, crimes are not planned and it is easy for individuals with low self-esteem to be easily motivated to commit such acts.In addition, criminality is strongly influenced by external factors such as the scarcity of easy targets as well as the presence of associates that are capable of helping or even performing a criminal act. The theory of crime by Gottfredson and Hirschi regarding the early age of 7 or 8 also entails that the longitudinal analysis of crime is not necessary and that ag e-correlated theories of crime are confusing. The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi also considers the fundamental argument regarding age and the unlawful act.It is actually different from what is presented at general courses in criminology regarding the analysis of age-crime correlations and social factors that are related to crime. A distinction of the general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi is that the age-crime linkage is very different through time, location and culture that the age-crime correlation is irrelevant of any social explanation. Their general theory of crime also describes that criminals continue to perform unlawful acts of crime even during marriage and eventually end up as unmarried criminals.The same thing goes with offenders who are currently employed—these individuals generally continue on as offenders and the only difference after some time is that they lose their jobs. The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi t hus presents an argument against the connection of crime with marriage and employment thus showing that a criminal is incompetent in maintaining a relationship in a marriage or a commitment to work because he is commonly known as person of very low command of his control.Their presentation of the force behind criminality is thus focused on self-control and the authors point out that most investigations regarding criminality do not include this concept. References Blair RJ and Cipolotti L (2000): Impaired social response reversal. A case of ‘acquired sociopathy’. Brain 123:1122–1141. Caspi A, McClay J, Moffi tt TE, Mill J and Martin J (2002): Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297:851–854. Gottfredson MR and Hirschi T (1990): A General Theory of Crime. In: Jacoby JE (ed. ): Classics of criminology, 3rd ed.Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. Harlow J (1848): Passage of an iron bar through the head. Boston Med Surg J 13:389â €“393. Raine A, Lencz T, Bihrle S, LaCasse L and Colletti P (2000) Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:119–127. van Elst LT, Trimble MR, Ebert D, van Elst LT (2001) Dual brain pathology in patients with affective aggressive episodes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:1187–1188. Walker PL (2001): A bioarchaeological perspective on the history of violence. Annu Rev Anthropol 30: 573–596.

My Antonia Effects of Landscape Essays

My Antonia Effects of Landscape Essays My Antonia Effects of Landscape Essay My Antonia Effects of Landscape Essay Nebraska prairie Is a vehicle for opportunity and opposition. Jim Burden and Antonio Chimeras lives are direct descendants of this dualism that Inhabits the parallel, and decisively creates the adolescently between the two friends. Although only a few miles separated Jim from Antonio, the landscape of the united States made the two strangers. The Nebraska prairie may have been the only medium in which Jim would have ever met Antonio. Jims character represents all that Notations lacks. Their similarity is that both are traveling through foreign lands to start a new life. The deference is that Jims ticket Is paid for. From the beginning of the novel Will Catcher sets up a clear adolescently between the statuses of Jim and Antonio. Antonio Is an Immigrant and speaks an inadequate amount of English. This isolates her and her family from the new life theyre trying to establish. Jim is a citizen and is moving out to a land that has been established by his grandparents. The Chimeras have been uprooted from their homeland to start a new existence from scratch. Jim came from a productive farm in Virginia, while the Shimmered came from an unyielding life In Bohemia. T. T. 2 The expansive plains of Nebraska was instrumental In bringing together these polar classes in that it deposited the two families side by side. Land in My Antonio, is associated with power. On the train to Black Hawk, the conductor makes reference to a family from over the water traveling to the same destination as Jim. His companion, Jake, said you were likely to get diseases from foreigners (10). This reference directly implies that the Shimmered are Indecent, and not of the same caste as Jim; an American citizen. The phrase, over the water Is another way of saying, not from our soil or not an American. This pillories natives from foreigners, and puts a stigma on immigrants as being irregular. The Burdens have been instituted in the united States for many generations. The fact that Jims grandparents speak perfect English represents their establishment in the United States. In turn, the Burdens had secured a life on the farm In Black Hawk for many years. For the Burdens, land has become a metaphor for wealth. They broke the untamed Nebraska prairie long before Jim came to live with them. Their partnership tit work and the land has yielded them a secure livelihood. This establishment has made the Burdens successful. The Nebraska prairie has afforded them a wooden home among a sod community. Their comforts include proper tools, a productive garden, and a variety of provisions. They are able to furnish hired hands which makes the farm more efficient and fruitful. The Burdens abundance Is T. T. 3 evidence of teller progress In refining the land. The Shimmered raw existence in the beginning of the novel is symbolic of the disadvantages a first generation family had to endure. Nebraska) was not a country at all, but the material out of which countries are made (17). Mr.. Shimmered became part of this material as the wide open prairie swallowed his life savings and his very existence. Nebraska was a regression from the life the Shimmered held in Eastern Europe. Since teen move to Anoraks In ten late summer teen were delayed in breaking any ground or securing a decent dwelling. The family had been swindled as they had to put their faith into the hands of a stranger, who gave them shoddy real estate. This meant that they would have little sustenance over the long inter. The Chimeras entered a habitat in which they were entirely on their own. The barren landscape of Nebraska was not prejudice in dictating who would endure. By contrast, the land for Jim was a metaphor for opportunity. Since he had entered into a world of prosperity, Jim was able to cultivate his mind. Jim did not contribute to the operation of the farm. His role in life was very clear in that he was to be the further product of his grandparents labor. Jim was the produce of the Nebraska farmland that the Burdens had worked so hard to establish. His toil would e in the classroom to capitalize on what had been handed to him. The act of getting an education is also the method of enhancing ones T. T 4 social standing. Throughout history, manual labor has been in association with the lower class. Living in the country was symbolic of being a part of the lower class because it involved fieldwork and farming; the most toilsome professions. In this case, the Burdens act of moving into town was symbolic of advancing up the class ladder because they physically removed themselves from the field. In this regard, land was a means of establishing a hierarchy. With this shift from pastoral to urban the differences between Jim and Antonio become magnified. Even though, in the country Jims status was clearly distinguished amidst Notations; the move from the country to Black Hawk was the move from raw to refinement. Jims move to the city was an enhancement in his life. He would go too better school and begin preparing himself for a college education. Antonio would work long hours breaking sod and building a better farm, trying to improve the yield from last years harvest. Jim works indoors with a pencil while Antonio works outdoors with a plow. The Burdens retire and the Shimmered begin. Notations act of moving into town illustrates her awareness between the distinctions of living in the country and living in the city. Although, Antonio has begun to see a change in her life for the better; she goes to town to enjoy a laid back existence of working indoors, making friends, and having her fling at the dances (143). Antonio takes this time T. T. 5 seriously because she knows it will be a rare moment in her life that she wont have to struggle. In the same respect, Antonio doesnt take this time seriously because she knows it isnt authentic. It is only temporary because she hasnt paid her dues. Notations life is in strong contrast to Jims, but when Antonio moves to Black Hawk Jim begins to finally understand their differences. Jims role has been rather feminizes as he doesnt work a day of manual labor in his life. Jim has been sheltered by privileges and his families assets. Nations role is emasculated as her skin is tan and she has muscles. She takes on a stereotypical male personification because she has been a provider and bread winner for her family. While the two lived in the country, Jim was naive concerning the roles he and his neighbor Antonio ere developing. Antonio was to be a pioneer and he himself was to be an accomplished student. Antonio sees Jims Tie as moldable, out seen does not see Jim as worthy AT admiration. This is because Antonio romanticizes hard work. She is not ashamed of her robust role because she sees farming as wholesome and honest. Antonio has had an intimate relationship with working the land and, in turn, the land has given back to Antonio the foundation of a better life. Notations world revolves around work and she does not see Jims academic life as one with toil. This is the primary reason he does not find Jim as an eligible suitor. T. T. 6 In the end, Jims opportune life carried him far away from Antonio. Like the prairie converted into farmland, Jim was refined from country school to an alumni of Harvard Law School. Notations relationship with the land is symbolized by her large family as she embodies the fertile earth. Jims act of visiting Antonio at her farm outside of Black Hawk reinstates the power of the Nebraska prairie. It illustrates two distinctly different crops of the same land that have both flourished from the Nebraska soil.